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Final Exam: From the U.S. Constitution to the Civil War

Multiple Choice Questions Instructions:

HIST 103 – 02

Final Exam: From the U.S. Constitution to the Civil War

Please type your answers on this document.
For section I, enter the letter of your choice on the line indicated.
For section II, type your short identification answer underneath the question.
For section III, type each of your three essays underneath the questions you are answering.

When you save the document, add your last name to the file name.

Submit the exam by posting your completed document —saved as a .doc, .docx, or .pdf file— to the assignment on Blackboard.

PART I: Multiple Choice

5 questions, 2 ½ points each

  1. Why did many of the nation’s founders distrust true democracy?
    1. They believed that common people would not make smart decisions
    2. They feared that democracy would lead to racial equality
    3. The founders embraced democracy
    4. They worried that they would not win popular elections
  1. How did the Second Great Awakening promote “spiritual egalitarianism”??
    1. Occasionally providing women with opportunities to openly express themselves and participate in spiritual communities
    2. Expressing equal concern for white and black people’s spiritual salvation
    3. Flouting the codes of self-restraint prescribed by upper-class elites
    4. All of the above
  1. The idea of Manifest Destiny meant which of the following?
    1. The strength of American values and institutions justified moral claims to leadership
    2. Lands on the North American continent west of the Mississippi River (and later, in the Caribbean) were destined for political and agricultural development by the USA
    3. God and the U.S. Constitution ordained an irrepressible destiny to accomplish spiritual redemption and democratization
    4. All of the above
  1. Why did Union soldiers feel that it was so important to defend the Union?
    1. They feared that if a minority could dissolve the agreement to Union whenever they lost a fair and open election, then the “great experiment” of the U.S. would collapse
    2. The Union represented the best hope for human rights
    3. If the Union dissolved, it would mean that a democratic people could not govern themselves
    4. All of the above
  1. Which of the following statements describes the process of emancipation?
    1. African Americans took the issue into their own hands and forced the Union to create a policy to effect emancipation
    2. The First Confiscation Act provided the roots of emancipation, as Congress empowered military leaders to provide freedom to enslaved people
    3. The Thirteenth Amendment expanded on the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring slavery was illegal in all American territory
    4. All of the above

PART II: Short Identifications: Define FIVE of the following terms in two or three sentences

5 questions, 2 ½ points each

  1. Haitian Revolution
  2. Erie Canal
  3. Nullification Crisis
  4. Sarah and Angelina Grimké
  5. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
  6. Indian Removal
  7. Fugitive Slave Act
  8. Frederick Douglass
  9. Contraband

10.  The Civil War Amendments

PART III: Essay Questions

3 questions, 25 points each

Choose THREE of the following questions.
Answer each of your chosen questions in an essay of 600 – 1200 words (2 to 4 pages)

Be sure to have a clear argument that you defend with relevant evidence. Organize your essay with a logical structure and use clear topic sentences and transitions to help your reader understand the logic of your response. Edit your paper thoroughly to avoid errors and to improve readability. Give your paper a title that reflects your argument.

Use assigned readings for the course to support your arguments. Cite your sources, using author, chapter or article title, and page number where available; or author, chapter and section numbers for The American Yawp.

Grading criteria:

  • Argument: 25% Does your paper have a clear, singular, specific argument that answers the question?
  • Evidence: 25% Do you use all of the relevant evidence to defend your argument?
  • Organization: 25% Does your paper have a logical structure and use clear topic sentences and transitions?
  • Clarity: 25% Is your prose efficient, crisp and polished, free of excessive passive voice or distracting spelling or grammatical errors?

 

  1. How did slave rebellions, in the U.S. and beyond, change the life and laws of the United States? Cite specific examples.
  2. How did economic change influence gender roles during the Market Revolution, and how was this related to and different from the earlier Consumer Revolution?
  3. In what ways did the Second Great Awakening blend religious or spiritual ideas with social reform ideas?
  4. How did white Southerners justify slavery?
  5. How did enslaved people endure their oppression, or even find ways to thrive in some aspects of their lives?
  6. What were some of the ways in which Native American peoples responded to the increasing dominance of the United States in North America?
  7. What beliefs characterized Manifest Destiny, and what political developments reflected these ideas?
  8. What were the main causes of the Civil War, why did politicians and soldiers on both sides fight, and how and why did slavery end in the United States?
Multiple Choice Questions Sample Content Preview:
HIST 103 – 02
Spring 2022
Prof. Kellogg
Final Exam: From the U.S. Constitution to the Civil War
PART I: Multiple Choice
5 questions, 2 ½ points each
1 Why did many of the nation’s founders distrust true democracy?
1 They believed that common people would not make smart decisions
2 They feared that democracy would lead to racial equality
3 The founders embraced democracy
4 They worried that they would not win popular elections
Your answer:___ a.They believed that common people would not make smart decisions_____________
2 How did the Second Great Awakening promote “spiritual egalitarianism”??
5 Occasionally providing women with opportunities to openly express themselves and participate in spiritual communities
6 Expressing equal concern for white and black people’s spiritual salvation
7 Flouting the codes of self-restraint prescribed by upper-class elites
8 All of the above
Your answer:_____ a.All of the above___________
3 The idea of Manifest Destiny meant which of the following?
9 The strength of American values and institutions justified moral claims to leadership
10 Lands on the North American continent west of the Mississippi River (and later, in the Caribbean) were destined for political and agricultural development by the USA
God and the U.S. Constitution ordained an irrepressible destiny to accomplish spiritual redemption and democratization
All of the above
Your answer:______ a.All of the above__________
4 Why did Union soldiers feel that it was so important to defend the Union?
They feared that if a minority could dissolve the agreement to Union whenever they lost a fair and open election, then the “great experiment” of the U.S. would collapse
The Union represented the best hope for human rights
If the Union dissolved, it would mean that a democratic people could not govern themselves
All of the above
Your answer:____ a.They feared that if a minority could dissolve the agreement to Union whenever they lost a fair and open election, then the “great experiment” of the U.S. would collapse ____________
5 Which of the following statements describes the process of emancipation?
African Americans took the issue into their own hands and forced the Union to create a policy to effect emancipation
The First Confiscation Act provided the roots of emancipation, as Congress empowered military leaders to provide freedom to enslaved people
The Thirteenth Amendment expanded on the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring slavery was illegal in all American territory
All of the above
Your answer:____________ d.All of the above ____
PART II: Short Identifications: Define FIVE of the following terms in two or three sentences
5 questions, 2 ½ points each
1 Haitian Revolution
This was a series of violent confrontations between the French and the black slavesin Haiti that lasted for around 14 years between 1791 and 1804. It resulted in the founding of the independent nation of Haiti, which would be the first country to be ruled by former slaves.
2 Erie Canal
This was a historic waterway that was completed in 1825. It linked the Great Lakes region to New York.
3 Nullification Crisis
This was a political standoff between South Carolina and the federal government in 1832. It was caused by South Carolina’s attempt at nullifying the federal tax law. It was solved through the passage of the compromise tariff.
4 Sarah and Angelina Grimké
These were sisters who came to the limelight as being the first pure whites to agitate for the end of slavery as well as upholding of women’s rights. They played a crucial role in creating awareness of the plight on slaves and women.
5 Nat Turner’s Rebellion
This was a rebellion by Virginian slaves against their masters. It lasted for around 48 hours but in the end was unsuccessful. It increased fear amongst whites, who reacted by being tougher on slaves.
6 Indian Removal
This was the systematic and forced removal of Indian tribes from their native, ancestral lands and into other lands by the government. It was part of an exchange program which led to the loss of land for the native Indian tribes.
7 Fugitive Slave Act
This was a legislation that made it mandatory for a slave to still return to their owner even if they were in a free state. Essentially, the Act provided for the capture and return of runaway slaves. This included those who had fled into federal territory.
8 Frederick Douglass
He was a social reformer who played a key role in the fight against slavery. He was an abolitionist who used his oratory and writing skills to perform activism against social ills such as slavery.
9 Contraband
This was a term that was so often used during the civil war. It referred to those slaves who had switched and moved to the side of the Union. These escaped slaves were termed as contraband since they were deemed as confiscated military property.
10 The Civil War AmendmentsThese were a set of legislations that aimed at revising the initial laws on the governance of the states and the rights of the people. These civil war amendments focused on the issues that brought about the civil war in the first place, such as the banning of slavery and giving slaves rights to vote.
PART III: Essay Questions
How did white Southerners justify slavery?
The Southerners felt that slaves were like children. They believed that slaves could not control themselves nor even govern themselves. They therefore thought that for slaves to coexist well and fit well within the society, they had to be controlled and governed by them. Some of the famous supporters from the South essentially believed that Negroes could not in any way have an independent plan for the future. They could not come up with a set of rules for themselves, which could govern them and their generations on a long-term basis. They therefore needed the white masters to keep doing these things for them.
As an extension to the previous justification, the southern whites also believed that the slaves were not in any way fully developed humans, They felt that their cranial capacity and their behavior essentially showed that they were lesser humans to them. With this belief, they believed that they had to be enslaved since they were closer to animals than they were to humans. In other terms, by comparing them to be closer to animals than humans, they believed that the Negroes had no conscience and could therefore have no feeling of good or bad. It was a reason enough for them to defend the institution of slavery.
Secondly, the Southerners tried justifying slavery by using the bible and religion. That the blacks were descendants of Ham. Ham was Noah’s son, from the bible, who was cursed by Noah. Noah basically cursed Ham and his entire generation. These whites therefore, believed that by enslaving the Negroes, they were simply applying and ensuring that the curse was being applied accordingly. This belief in the south was so much that even the most prominent of religious men there owned slaves (The American Yawp). They did so by also citing the prominent patriarchs from the bible who also owned slaves. They really believed that God supported slavery.
They also felt that through slavery, they could...
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