Self Control Intervention to Smoking Cessation
Report Marking Criteria (/25
Failing Standard Fail Pass Credit Distinction
High
Distinction
Professional Standard MARK
Title and Abstract
- No title, or title is irrelevant to topic;
- No abstract, or missing important aspects of the study
0 - 4 5 - 6 7 8 9-10
- Title concise and appropriate;
- Abstract presented all appropriate information concisely
/10
Introduction
- Broad introductory statement not provided (is too specific)
or is irrelevant to the topic;
- Concepts not defined or incorrectly defined
- Lacks empirical justification for behaviour modification
- Lacks theoretical basis for behavioural intervention, or
theories are irrelevant to the current study;
- Fails to comment upon the existing reinforcement
contingencies that impact on the behaviour to be modified.
- Aims/hypotheses not present, or irrelevant
- Poorly written, poor grammar or poor spelling
0 -9 10-12 13-14 15-16 17-20
- Outline of the topic begins broadly and explains the
importance of the topic;
- Integrated definitions of terms and concepts;
- Clear justification for behavioural modification based on
empirical research.
- Theories underpinning the behavioural intervention are
clearly articulated and related to the aims of the study;
- Identifies existing reinforcement contingencies that impact
on behaviour that is to be modified;
- Clear and accurate aims and hypotheses;
- Written concisely and clearly, good grammar and spelling
/20
Method
- Participants subsection is missing or lacks detail;
- Information about how the behaviour was measured is
lacking, incoherent or imprecise;
- Procedural information about the intervention employed is
missing, is incoherent or imprecise;
0-7 8-9 10 11-12 13-15
- Participants subsection has appropriate detail;
- Information about how the behaviour was measured is
appropriate, clear and concise;
- Procedure is in chronological order, is concise but has
sufficient detail so it could be reproduced from description;
Failing Standard Fail Pass Credit Distinction
High
Distinction
Professional Standard
MARK
Results
- Figures/tables and/or data, presented incorrectly, or are
very difficult to interpret
- Data are not verbally described and not related to
hypotheses,
- Poorly written, poor grammar and/or spelling
0 -9 10-12 13-14 15-16 17-20
- Correct figure or table (but not both) which is easy to
interpret.
- Data are clearly related to hypotheses in verbal description
of results
- Written concisely and clearly, with good grammar and
spelling
/20
Discussion
- Results not interpreted or are inaccurately interpreted or
are not linked to the hypotheses.
- No attempt to interpret how the behavioural
intervention impacted on the existing reinforcement
contingencies identified in the Introduction.
- Overemphasis on methodological or other limitations of
the study.
- No attempt to identify implications of the results for
future interventions or for others or implications stated
with no justification for them.
- Poorly written, poor grammar and/or spelling.
0 -12 13-15 16-18 19-20 21-25
- Results accurately interpreted in relation to the
hypotheses,
- Discusses how the behavioural intervention impacted on
the existing reinforcement contingencies indentified in
the Introduction
- Appropriate acknowledgement of methodological or
other limitations of the study, and suggested
improvements.
- Implications of behaviour intervention going into the future
and whether it would generalise to others are well
described and justified.
- Written concisely and clearly, with good grammar and
spelling.
/25
References
- No references, referencing from unreliable sources or
plagiarised references;
- Lacks in-text referencing or is incorrect;
- Heavy use of direct quotes;
- Direct quotes are not appropriately referenced if used.
- Absent or inaccurate reference list
- In-text referencing and reference list not in APA style.
0 - 4 5 - 6 7 8 9-10
- Adequate referencing to support arguments,
- References from reliable sources;
- Ideas expressed in own words;
- Minimal use of direct quotes, which are properly
referenced if used;
- Complete reference list
- Correct APA style for in-text referencing and reference
list.
/10
Student:
Professor:
Course title:
Date:
Self control intervention to smoking cessation
1.0 Abstract
Tobacco use causes many avoidable premature deaths annually. For many smokers, quitting tobacco use is not easy. This study aimed at establishing the efficacy of self-control, a behavioral intervention, in helping cigarette smokers change their behavior and quit tobacco use. One hundred and twenty four people took part in the study. Two groups were used. Participants in the intervention group received counseling on how to stop smoking and were taught self-control skills. Subjects in the control group received counseling on how to stop smoking but did not practice self-control. Participants in the 2 groups were monitored for 4 weeks. The findings showed that participants who exerted small acts of self-control were in actual fact more successful at quitting tobacco use compared to participants who did not.
2.0 Introduction
Worldwide, smoking of tobacco is a major cause of avertable premature death. Although most tobacco users would like to quit smoking, the addictive and habitual nature of tobacco use actually make sit hard to stop. One billion people globally smoke in spite the fact that six million deaths every year are related to smoking (World Health Organization, 2011). Health-related quality of life and life expectancy indices have demonstrated to be decreased in a dose-dependent manner whenever the quantity of cigarettes smoked rises. Tobacco use is a learned behavior which brings about physical addiction to nicotine for most tobacco users (Foulds, Schmelzer & Steinberg, 2010). For many people, quitting tobacco use could be hard. Researchers have reported that 70% of tobacco users want and plan to quit at some point, but just 12 percent are actually prepared to quit in the following month (Aveyard & West, 2011). Up to now, smoking cessation interventions have characteristically been targeted at people who wish to quit and who can provide a firm commitment to stop tobacco use on a quit day. Decreasing little by little the number of cigarettes smoked before finally stopping and stopping suddenly, without prior reduction, produce the same quit rates (Lancaster & Stead, 2012). This research proposes a new approach that will help tobacco users wishing to quit smoking to actually stop. Self-control is a vital behavioral intervention as it encourages and supports smoking cessation attempts.
2.1 Aim of study
To establish the efficacy of self-control, a behavioral intervention, in helping cigarette smokers change their behavior and quit tobacco use.
2.2 Theory: Self-control strength model
According to this theory, increasing people’s ability for self control may be possible. The model proposes that self-control efforts are dependent upon self-control strength, which is a limited resource. That is, whenever an individual exerts self-control to stop, inhibit or override an emotion, behavior, urge or thought, that person draws on this strength. People with more self-control strength have a tendency of succeeding at self-control in comparison to people who have weaker self-control strength (Muraven & Baumeister, 2011).
3.0 Method
A total of 124 people – 62 males and 62 females, 88% white, 8% black and 4% other – from Corpus Christie, Texas who were interested in stopping tobacco use were recruited via radio adverts, flyers hang in meeting places and newspaper advertisements. The study subjects were informed that they would be participating in a research study aimed at improving their self-control that may assist them stop tobacco use. Inclusion criteria included the following: regularly smoked for the last 3 years; smokes no less than ten cigarettes daily for the last 2 years; aged between 18-45 years; reported high motivation and efficacy to stop smoking.
Two groups are used: intervention group comprising 62 people who received counseling on how to stop smoking and were taught self-control skills and they practiced self-control for 4 weeks. There was also a control group where participants received counseling on h...
👀 Other Visitors are Viewing These APA Essay Samples:
-
StarGenetics
3 pages/≈825 words | 1 Source | APA | Social Sciences | Lab Report |
-
Lizard Evolution Virtual Lab
3 pages/≈825 words | 2 Sources | APA | Social Sciences | Lab Report |
-
Migration, Genetic Drift
2 pages/≈550 words | 2 Sources | APA | Social Sciences | Lab Report |