Short Answers and Extra Credit

Short Answers and Extra Credit
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(January 24, 2012)
Part One
1 The soul, for Simmias
Simmias who was Socrates disciple defined soul as an invisible, spiritual organ within the body. Similarly, he compared it to a musical attunement, which exist as a result of proper combination of different parts of the musical instrument at the right tension, soul exist where all the body organs are properly pulled together (Plato).
2 The soul, for Socrates
For Socrates soul different from other body parts, it is something which gives and takes life out of the body independently. Soul therefore is not held together with the rest of the body parts as it can exist even in absence of the body (Plato).
3 Reputation, for Glaucon
Glaucon defines reputation as moral desire of being virtuous and honest in our actions. He however argues that one can choose to have a good or bad reputation by choosing to be just or evil. To him the unjust person is better off as he acquires good consequences (Plato).
4 Incontinence, for Aristotle
Incontinence is the negative force which prevents people from acting in conformity with the general moral rule that governs them. Alternatively it can be defined as the intelligence failure (Aristotle, 2001).
5 Happiness, for Aristotle
Aristotle defined happiness as the natural preference which forces people to engage in pleasant and virtuous activities. Happiness gives life true value and flourishes the soul. He associates faring well in life with being happy (Aristotle, 2001).
6 Deliberation, for Aristotle
This is a thoughtful evaluation of the available options before making a final decision. It emphasizes more on the use of logic and reasoning as opposed to dialog. Deliberation is usually done prior to voting in case of a group decision (Aristotle, 2001).
7 Perception, for Descartes
Perception is the act of capturing the meaning through the sense of mind. Alternatively it is the cognition or understanding of events through the use of the mind. It mainly tells us more about the world outside our bodies using the sense of touch, sight, smell, taste and hearing (Descartes).
8 God, for Descartes
Descartes argued that there is an omniscient and truthful God in the universe. He argued that the fictitious and adventitious power is provided by God and that he is the ultimate and self-caused being who never fails (Descartes).
9 Perception, for Locke
According to Locke, perception involves the mental representation of objects and ideas. He describes perception as an act of awareness of the external objects in the mind (Locke).
10 Ideas, for Locke
Ideas are the instantaneous objects of views which have a mental representation to us. They are often obtained from the senses and are controlled by the power or the willingness to view things differently (Locke).
Belief, for Hume
Belief is the habit which forbids us from perceiving things beyond our past and present experience. Beliefs mainly arise from feelings reasonably than from reason, but it differs from imagination in the opinion degree on the object we projected (Hume).
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