Sampling Error and the Correlation between Internal and External Validity

Discussion 2
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Sampling error in statistics is the difference between a parameter of population and the sample used in estimating it. Sampling error addresses how sample estimates of a study variable or characteristics differ from one sample to another. The sampling error occurs when statistical characteristics of a chosen sample population are not representative of the entire population but instead estimated from a subset of that population (Beatty, 2018). Errors are sometimes significant in explaining the research results, their variation, and the statistical confidence level.
Internal validity is the degree of confidence in a relationship between the treatment and the outcome difference. It evaluates the experimental design and methods of a study. In an experiment, internal validity can be increased by conducting experiments that are highly controlled and improved with various features. For example, the experiments should occur in lab settings to reduce vari...