Poor people dont have oppetunities. Literature & Language Essay

Jiangying Shi
ENGL 102
Date
Poor People Don't Have Opportunities
Literature Review
In this literature review, scholarly works regarding the topic will be evaluated, and concepts discussed. The review includes books, journal articles, and other peer-reviewed sources. It is necessary to gauge and fix where the research problem in question lies. In this case, many studies have been done on this topic. Many scholars wanted to know if the poor are discriminated in the face of any opportunities.
One of the studies was reflected in the speech of the World Bank President, which was titled Rich and Poor: Opportunities and Challenges in an Age of distribution. It was published by the World Bank in 2018 and is still on their website. In that speech, President Jim Yong Kim said that almost everybody in the world was poor before the year 1800. However, the turning point came about during the Industrial Revolution between 1800 and 1820. This is the time that discrimination on the rich and the poor began. Those who were lucky enough to be among the high table members started despising those who were unlucky to get an opportunity to join the high table. The poor were overworked for a little pay in the industries and in the ships transporting goods overseas. People needed to work hard to provide for their needs, something that became the norm to date (Kim 2).
In the book The Rich Get Richer the Poor Get Prison that was written and published d by Jeffrey Reiman and Paul Leighton, there are so many economic injustices going on. They claim that the rich take advantage of the poor to work for them, making them more productive yet they are paid minimal wages. They go ahead and vividly interrogate why the justice systems do not protect the vulnerable from discrimination and mistreatment. The justice system in America, according to Reiman and Leighton, has been and is still favoring the rich. The rich mainly bribe judges to rule in their favor even where they are wrong. This denies the poor and opportunity since they cannot raise the required amount to "buy" justice. Senior business personnel overwork their workers and still underpay them, yet the justice system cannot justly defend the workers. Further, the authors say that our justice systems are designed to function in such a way that they aim their weapons on to the poor while gently massaging the rich. This is regardless of whether they are both guilty or not (Reiman & Paul 46).
Another work that has been done relating this to the research topic I am handling is that of Laura Smith Psychology, Poverty, and the End of Social Exclusion. Her work aims to free the poor from social injustices. Smith did her work from personal experience, and she says poverty is not only about not having enough wealth but includes what the poor feel about their situation. Other aspects that define poverty include what people experience each day, including in the competition for opportunities with the rich. In most cases, Smith says, most of the poor people go through psychological problems thinking of what fate got them into, questioning why they are poor while others are rich. Most people in the contemporary world despise the poor and treat them like they are lesser beings. The rich want to take up all the opportunities and sideline the poor because of their class. She urges the rich think about the psychological needs of the poor in society too. The author gave her personal experience when she was young, and she could go visiting her wealthy relatives. She was discriminated against because she came from a low-income family, and this made her feel worthless. She demonstrates how the rich make the poor feel worthless in society.
Philip Mader says in his work Financialization of Poverty that poverty is a social categorization. It has to be concerning the rich in society. He concentrates his study on how micro-financial banks treat their clients and the criteria they use to award loans. He observed that even in the wealthy classes, there are those people who could not meet the financial obligations they owed the micro-financial lenders. Should they be categorized as poor? Philips says the poor are not those people who are suffering from a deficiency of something but those who get assistance or those that should get assistance in line with the social norms. He argues that a person's relative position in society determines where he or she should be categorized. Different people have different financial capabilities and the micro-financial institutions have used this to discriminate on whom to lend how much sum of money. This is the financialization of poverty because many micro-finance institutions assist the rich and neglect the poor. This shows the poor lose the opportunity because of their status in the society even though Philips does not define when one should be regarded as poor. He says poverty is a product of social relations rather than a pre-existing condition (Mader 76).
In their work, Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Poverty Alleviation, Alvez and Jay say that not all entrepreneurial activities contribute to economic growth. As a result, there have been policies to improve human capital, access to finances, and property protection rights, which have been used in reducing poverty. Entrepreneurs have taken initiatives to reduce the rate of poverty at the international level. This article finds out that the level of success in these efforts vary greatly, as some may not lead to success. There is a need for further research on the need for the creation of self-employment opportunities to reduce the level of poverty (Alavez & Jay 169).
Methodology
This section outlines the research methods to be employed in the study to prove or disapprove the thesis that the rich have access to many opportunities because they continue to gain more wealth through a further investment of the financial resources at their disposal. In order to get comprehensive results, several research methods will be employed.
Online Survey
This is the first method of research to be used in the study. While it is a secondary source of information, it is much more reliable too. The rising technological advancement has enabled the internet to be a medium for easy communication. The survey will be conducted with the help of ...