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Management Assignment. Module Assessment. Globalization

Essay Instructions:

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Module Assessment 


The primary focus of the task is to explore the different topics and themes studied each which within the wider fields of Organisational Behaviour (OB) and Human Resource Management (HRM) and not HRM or OB. The spirit of the assignment is to encourage you to be able to demonstrate the ability to critically analyse theories, debates, issues, news, practices etc. as they emerge in published academic articles from highly- ranked ABS journals.

The task:
One year after completing this post graduate study which you are now undertaking, you are employed as the head of a Multinational Corporation (MNC) in your country of origin. Your company owns a leading brand competing with other global brands in such items as premium quality shoes, bags, clothing and insurance policy for protection on valued goods such as gold and diamond ornaments. The designs and management of the brand is operationalised in Italy and France. However, production takes place in your country, thus requiring employees from different countries to work together. 
The local office to which you have been appointed has a total number of 100 employees. Understandably, 60% of the staff are citizens of your home country, while 40% are from ten different countries. Your task is the following:Drawing on knowledge developed within this module, your own experience and wider reading, you are requested to compose an essay of 3500 words in which you critically engage and address the following aspects of the job:

1. Explain how you would lead your organization. In doing so you are expected to explore relevant theories of leadership that you would consider to arrive at theories/practices/approaches that might be appropriate. You will evaluate and justify your preferred approach/theory/perception/practice and why this/these might be suitable (500 words)
2. You will certainly face challenges with cultural differences. Explain the theories within the study of culture, national culture and diversity that would inform your thinking. Critically draw on this knowledge to mitigate inevitable interpersonal and operational issues that will arise as a result of cultural, behavioural and personality differences (500 words).
3. Communication will be another challenge which you will need to address. In your essay, critically reflect on ways in which you will manage communication barriers between employees. Also, elucidate how language difference could enhance/inhibit a closer/collegiate working environment. (500 words).
4. You are advised to undertake a process of change that requires your subsidiary to show proof of awareness and application of ethical, moral and ecologically friendly approaches that enhance sustainability to boost the image of your company. What would you consider and how would you implement this demand. 
5. At the time you are appointed, it has been noted that the performance level of your organization is on a decline. The pressure is on you to improve performance. Critically explore the literature on motivation and construct an approache(s)/theories that might or might not lead you to enhance employee wellbeing and performance (500 words).
6. As you will be aware, leadership is not just about leader influence, motivation and control. You are requires to engage with the literature on emotional intelligence, groups and teams to explore ways in which you could achieve effective leadership and employee engagement 
7. We will expect you to write a clear introduction which clearly explains the task, identifies key issues to be developed and evidences a clear structure explaining the sequencing of the different sections of your essay (250 words)
8. Your essay should end with a composite conclusion reminding the reader about what the task was, how it has been accomplished, the key points to take home as well as your own reflection on the learning gained in completing the module and the task (250 words).
Note that you have been asked to write an essay rather than a report. You will therefore avoid sub-headings and writing in the third person – ‘I’, ‘my’ or according to my opinion. Words from reference list are not included in the word count.Also, note that the reference sources you use for your essay should come from the following list of ABS3* and 4* journals: (Seek advice from a library staff should you find any difficulty in finding these journals and the articles you use to build your essay and support your arguements)Recommended journals for select your articles: International Journal of Human Resource Management Work, Employment and Society Human Resource Management Journal European Journal of Industrial Relations Gender, Work and Organisation Employee Relations Human Relations Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes Journal of Organizational Behaviour Academy of Management Perspectives  Academy of Management Journal    Academy of Management Review Human Resource Management  Leadership quarterly Leadership journal
Note further that the articles or reference sources you bring into your essay should not be older than 5 years. This means that you should only use reference sources or articles published between; 2015 - 2020. The markers are more interested in ongoing, current conversations/debates and issues around the various topics rather than references such as: Transformational leadership (Burns, 1978; Bass, 1985) or Maslow’s theory of motivation (Maslow, 1943). We are interested in your reading and understanding of the manner in which recent writers are engaging with these foundational concepts rather than in your ability to explain what these concepts are. As much as possible, avoid explanation and definitions of theories. Rather, engage in critical examination about how these concepts are written about and applied in today’s business and management context.In your analysis, you should aim to compare and contrast between theories/perceptions/approaches etc. In the process, you will consider highlighting similarities and differences in the arguments developed, evaluate the value and contribution and suitability of theories/approaches in your context. Avoid simple explanation and description. Rather, seek to analyse current issues engaged in the various streams of literature in some depth, outlining implication, limitations and questioning assumptions drawing on your experience or alternative real life news, events or cultural conventions.

Assessment RegulationsNormal MSc/MA regulations apply – please refer to the programme handbook for further information on assessment rules. The attached marking grid will be used to mark your work. 


No other information should be included on the cover.
1) Coursework must be submitted in Arial point 12 font, and double-line spacing.
2) There should be no header, footer or footnotes.
3) Harvard referencing rules apply.
4) There should be a single alphabetic reference list, in Harvard style, placed at the end of the assignment.
Assessment Criteria
Your essay will be marked according to the following criteria:-
1) Understanding and Reading: The depth of your reading (number, range and quality of sources) and understanding of it. You are expected to read the essential and further readings for the question that you choose. You need to use these readings to support your argument/discussion; you cannot rely on personal opinion or unsupported statements. Avoid statements like – in my own opinion.
2) Critical Analysis: The level of critical analysis in your writing and the quality of the argument developed. You cannot rely on simple description, but have to apply knowledge and theory from the readings to critically engage with the material. Question theories and assumptions on the basis of your experience, an alternative theory or events in the business world. Note the difference between descriptive writing – just providing information and critical writing – making judgements, evaluating, arguing and suggesting alternatives while accepting compelling facts/views/events.
3) Structure: Your ability to develop a clear, logical structure for your essay which addresses the question and guides the reader. Your essay should include a clear introduction, a cogently argued main body, and a conclusion that summarises the argument and answers the overall question.
4) Presentation and Referencing: 
Paragraphs incrementally developing and each specific paragraph focusing content that related to a separate topic/theme/debate/issue. The extent to which your essay is correctly referenced using the Harvard system of referencing in-text and with a bibliography. Use references that are not more than five years. The task is interested in more recent literature. Use of dated or old literature will lead to deduction of points.
5) Grammar, punctuation and communication skillsYour ability to express yourself clearly in English using appropriate terminology, correct spelling and grammar. Clear sentences, well punctuated and easily understandable. Use short sentences.



Reading: Assignment Sources
Use of internet:
Some are useful but most are useless. It is recommended to use the readings – books, academic journals and recommended websites.• On-line library databases such as Search Bank, EBSCO, Proquest, Infotrac, and EMERALD
There is at least one copy held in the library of the books listed in the reading list, although in some cases there may be very few copies. There is a copy of the journal articles referred to below on the BlackBoard site for this module for you to download or print-off.

Start with the reading list and textbooks from this module listed on the online resource list. Textbook chapters have a list of further sources and references which you can consult. If you look for further materials, stick to journals that relate to HRM, OB and employment relations. You need to be able to provide support for all your points in your essay. There is no specific number of references to be included. It all depends on your specific essay and how you are developing arguments.

Marking template
Mark Range Criteria90-100%Distinction Demonstrates an exceptional ability and insight, indicating critical academic understanidng and makes an appropriate contribution of knowledge.The work evdiences a distnctive and commendable level of originiality.The work has the potential to influence the forefront of the subject, and may be of publishable quality.Relevant generic academic skills are demonstrated at the highest possible standard.80-89%Distinction Demonstrates an outstanding ability and insight based on authoritative subject knowledge and a very high level of academic competence. The work evdiences a degree of orgainiality.The work is considered to be close to the forefront of the subject, and may, with further regfinment be of a publishable quality. Relevant generic skills are demonstrated at a very high level.70-79%Distinction Demonstrates an authoritative subject knowledge and a high level of academic competence. The work is accurate and extensively supported by appropriate evidence.  The work evidences some originality.  Clear evidence of capacity to reflect critically and deal with ambiguity in the data.Relevant generic academic skills are demonstrated at a high level.60-69%Merit Demonstrates a sound, current subject knowledge.  There are no significant errors and the application of concepts and methodologies are appropriate.The work may contain some minor flaws.The work is well developed and coherent; may show some minor elements of originality. The work has clear evidence of capacity to reflect critically.Relevant generic academic skills are demonstrated at a good level.50 – 59%Pass Demonstrates satisfactory subject knowledge.Some evident weaknesses; possibly shown by conceptual gaps, or limited use of appropriate concepts or methodology. The work is generally sound but tends toward the factual or derivative.  Limited evidence of capacity to reflect critically.Relevant generic academic skills are generally at a satisfactory level.45 -49%Marginal Fail Demonstrates satisfactory but limited subject knowledge.Some noted weaknesses; possibly shown by factual errors, conceptual gaps, or limited use of appropriate techniques. The work is generally sound but tends toward the factual or derivative.  Little evidence of capacity to reflect critically.Relevant generic academic skills are at at a marginal level.40-44% Demonstrates limited core subject knowledge.  Some significant weaknesses; possibly shown by factual errors, conceptual gaps, or limited use or aplpication of inappropriate methodology.The work lacks sound development. There is little evidence of capacity to reflect critically.The quality of the relevant generic academic skills do not meet the requirements of the task.30-39% Demonstrates inadequate subject knowledge.  The work lacks coherence and evidence of capacity to reflect critically.The quality of the relevant generic academic skills do not meet the requirements of the task.20-29% Demonstrates seriously inadequate knowledge of the subject. The work contains minimal evidence of awareness of relevant issues or theory.The quality of the relevant generic academic skills do not meet the requirements of the task.10-19% The work is almost entirely lacking in evidence of knowledge of the subject.  No evidence of awareness of relevant issues or theory.The quality of the relevant generic academic skills do not meet the requirements of the task.0-9% The work presents information that is irrelevant and unconnected to the task.No evident awareness of appropriate principles, theories, evidence and techniques.* Please note that this is an indicative mark which will remain provisional until ratified, or otherwise, by the Assessment Board

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Management
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Over the recent past, globalization continues to foster increased development of multinational corporations (MNC) that have their bases of operations in different countries around the globe. It is common to find an organization with its design, management and production departments situated in different regions because of various reasons. For instance, production may be situated at a particular country because of cheap labor. It is essential to note that these multinational corporations usually consist of individuals from different ethnicities. Based on the case study, the local office of the multinational corporation consists of 100 employees of which 60 are local while 40 employees are from ten different countries. As the head of the MNC, it is vital to look beyond these differences and find ways to unite the team to work together to achieve stipulated objectives. The research paper will first propose a leadership theory that is most suitable in leading the MNC and relevant justifications will be provided in that regard. Secondly, the study will examine ways in which the head of the MNC will address and overcome the cultural, behavioral and personality differences. Thirdly, the paper will highlight some of the barriers to communication at the corporation and suggest solutions. The fourth phase of the study will involve examination of ways in which change can be implemented in the corporation that are ethical, moral and ecologically friendly and will boost the image of the organization. The research paper will also delve into some of the mechanisms that the head of the MNC will employ to motivate the employees and consequently, improve the performance of the corporation. Lastly, the study will highlight factors that will assist the head of the MNC to achieve effective leadership and employee engagement.
Leaders in organizations influence their subordinates to complete their duties and in so doing, achieve a common goal. With MNCs such as the one shared in the case study, they usually comprise of employees with differences that stem from gender, ethnicity, religion, and age. As such, it is the role of a leader within the organization to unite the team and encourage them to look beyond their differences and work together to realize stipulated objectives. There are various types of leaders in society who possess different skills and attributes and tend to get things or work done in their unique ways. Based on the case study involving the management of culturally diverse group of employees, it is recommended that the head of the MNC embraces the transformational leadership style. According to Shapira (2019), “transformational leadership is a theory of leadership where a leader works with teams to identify needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through inspiration, and executing the change in tandem with committed members of a group” (p. 13). The above statement indicates that a transformational leader will succeed in connecting with the employees regardless of their ethnicity and motivate them to complete their assigned tasks effectively.
Transformational leadership practices and characteristics will influence the head of the MNC to oversee the effective growth and development of the organization in the region. Transformational leaders are able to keep their egos in check and as such, tend to put the organization’s best interest before theirs. Through acquisition of transformative leadership traits, the head of the MNC will manage to inspire and motivate the employees to rise to the occasion (Shapira, 2019). The head will not only acknowledge employees for completing their tasks satisfactorily but will make them feel valued and important. The head of the MNC will also take necessary steps to identify some of the distinct factors that motivate the employees to complete their duties accordingly. Transformational leadership is also suitable in terms of the case scenario because it will allow the head of the MNC to be open and receptive to new ideas. According to Hamad (2015), “Transformational leaders understand the truth that success is dependent on the effort of the entire team, and growth happens only in an organization with a culture of openness to new ideas from all levels”. Based on the above statement, the theory will facilitate the solicitation of new and innovative ideas from the employees and their subsequent incorporation in decision-making.
Furthermore, through transformational leadership traits, the head of the MNC will be more adaptable not only to the changing market conditions but also to the culturally-diverse team of employees (Hamad, 2015). The head will take time to learn the strengths and weakness of all the employees and as such, will be better positioned on dealing with them. Additionally, using the transformational leadership approach, the head of the MNC will manage to lead the organization with a vision. The logic is that transformational leaders tend to set realistic and achievable visions. They then find ways to inspire and get the employees to buy into the common vision. In so doing, they manage to guide the employees in the right direction that is aligned to stipulated objectives.
The other essential aspect of organizational behavior and human resource management that is evident at the MNC is the diverse workforce. From the case scenario it has been established that 60% of the employees are locals while the 40% comprises of individuals from 10 different 10 different countries. Based on the above facts, the MNC is highly multicultural and problems are likely to arise without proper measures being put in place. The logic is that individuals from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities tend to exhibit different work ethics and principles and as such, the management will have a challenge getting all the employees to conform in accordance to the organization’s code of ethics (Glinkowska, 2016). It is however essential to note that the cultural diversity witnessed at the MNC can be very beneficial in the sense that it will promote the incorporation of innovative ideas that will strengthen the organization and foster the achievement of stipulated objectives.
Despite the cultural differences that will characterize the MNC, it is imperative the head of the organization identifies ways of managing the cultural diversity and enabling the employees to work together as one team in achieving the laid out objectives. To begin, the head of the organization should encourage effective communication at all levels of the corporation. Effective communication will encourage the employees to listen to one another and appreciate the feedback and sentiments that is provided (Glinkowska, 2016). The head will have to be proactive and understand how the employees from various cultures respond to different communication styles. For instance, while some may prefer formal communication en masse, others tend to relate better to informal means of communication and thrive in environments where face to face communication is the normal practice. Secondly, the head of the MNC should also oversee the defining of diversity issues that may include gender, ethnicity, religion and age. The aim of that initiative is to inform the employees that the management acknowledges the differences and is keen on ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for all of them (Abadir, Batsa, Neubert and Halkias, 2019). Thirdly and on the same breadth to point shared above, the head of the MNC should seek to highlight personal uniqueness and also encourage team-building activities. For instance, the head can establish that every Friday the employees will be celebrating their cultures. As such, during that particular day the employees will be encouraged to dress in their traditional attires and also share their traditional delicacies with their colleagues. The initiative will assist to bring the diversified pool of employees together and teach them to appreciate each other’s culture.
Furthermore, the head of the MNC should invest in training programs that enlighten and assist the employees to develop cultural competence. There should be a training program to promote or educate cultural awareness. According to Glinkowska (2016), “Cultural Awareness is the skill to understand one’s reactions to people who are different, and how our behavior might interfere with effective working relationships”. Through the above program, the employees will manage to overcome stereotypes and consequently, focus on actual behavior as opposed biased notions and preconceptions. It is also recommended to have a training program that will instill employees with the right attitude when dealing with others from different ethnicities (Glinkowska, 2016). Additionally, cultural competence in the employees will be developed by making them knowledgeable about different aspects of other cultures including holidays, religious events and communication styles.
It is also essential to note that the head of the MNC will face various challenges when communicating to the diversified pool of employees from different countries. To begin with, there are unique languages spoken in each country. While the English language is assumed to be understood globally, that is often not the case because some individuals particularly those academically-disadvantaged may not be exposed to it. The second barrier that may impede communication between the head and the employees is the continuous use of overcomplicated and unfamiliar terms (Banwart, 2020). It is common to find some types of jargons being used in particular organizations by some members that are not entirely understood by others. These may be in the form of words that have been shortened or certain aspects of the job that have been branded names. The third barrier that may challenge communication at the MNC relates to the cultural differences. According to Banwart (2020), “The norms of social interaction vary greatly in different cultures, as do the way in which emotions are expressed. For example, the concept of personal space varies between cultures and between different social settings”. There are some cultures that prohibit women from communicating directly with men and others that stipulate that a young person shall not command their elders. Fourthly, physical barriers may also be a challenge to communication at the MNC (Pollak, 2020). These physical barriers usually result in cases where there is an over-dependence of impersonal forms of communication that limit general body language.
In light of the above barriers, it is imperative that the head of the MNC finds ways to address them. Firstly, the head should invest in training programs that will enlighten the employees not only about effective communication but also its benefits (Pollak, 2020). Studies show that individuals are likely to engage and embrace a particular concept once they grasp of the different benefits and advantages they promise. Secondly, the head should strive to promote a common language, say English that will be used throughout the organization. The head could ensure that all members who face challenges communicating in the chosen language are enrolled in classes to polish their skills and abilities. Thirdly, the head and the management of the corporation should prohibit the use of jargon and unfamiliar terms within the organization’s premises. The initiative will assist to limit miscommunication that usually results in the wrong performance of tasks and duties. Fourthly, the management of MNC should encourage the employees to look beyond their cultural taboos and practices that may impede with one another particularly within the organization (Pollak, 2020). It should highlight that employees are free to communicate with one another and establish stringent regulations on anyone who is found discriminating or victimizing others because of their religion, age, ethnicity and gender. Last but not least, the head should promote the use of both personal and impersonal modes of communication to meet the needs and preferences of different employees at the corporation. For instance, the head should conduct regular face to face meetings with the employees to share and discuss matters concerning the growth and development of the corporation. Similarly, the head of the MNC could also communicate to the employees through email and share information that their attention.
The other vital part of organizational behavior and HRM that the corporation will face is that of organization change. It is essential to note that change is inevitable in all organizations. These proposed solutions are often initia...
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