United Nations

United Nations Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name & Number Professor Due date What is the scope of UN authority to act as an enforcement institution or negotiation facilitator? The UN Security Council is the principal crisis-management organization charged with imposing mandatory obligations to its 193 membership countries to uphold peace within the following scope. The primary authority in the enforcement of peace involves resolving international disputes based on Chapter VI guidelines of the UN charter through negotiation, inquiry, mediation, judicial settlement, conciliation, and arbitration, among other peaceful means of conflict resolution. Chapter VI also offers the Security Council the power to investigate any situation resulting in international incidents to ascertain whether its continuation will likely endanger international peace and security (United Nations, 2024). For example, United Nations instituted a peacekeeping mission in Southern Sudan with the primary aim of protecting civilians, assessing human rights, and supporting the adoption of peace resolution measures and cessation of war. Another aspect of their enforcement is the introduction of collective sanctions against states and state actors. Economic sanctions are an essential instrument of the UN for international action. In situations where diplomacy and other non-combative measures fail to work and military action is deemed unjustified, the UN institutes such sanctions (Wood, 2013, pp. 347-348). The sanctions range from economic and trade sanctions such as air space restrictions and air, road, water, and railway travel bans, among others, to targeted sanctions such as financial and goods restrictions and arms embargoes. Although the UN avoids using force, if peaceful conflict resolution measures fail, Chapter VII of the United Nations charter authorizes the organization to institute assertive actions of force or sanctions to stabilize conflict zones and separate worrying zones. Through the council, the organization first attempts to have the parties involved comply with measures that promote peace. If they fail to comply, it may use armed forces or sanctions to force the parties to seize the conflict and urge its members to adopt such measures (Wood, 2013, pp. 347-348). With the host nation's consent, the UN deploys armed forces and the police who work under the Peacekeeping Operations in sovereign territories to enforce its political or physical resolutions. Another aspect of the UN’s peacekeeping operation is supporting the transition to a legitimate government. In such instances, the UN temporarily assumes legislative and administrative roles, helps develop critical reforms, and revives development activities until authority is transferred to another sovereign entity. Also, it strives to protect civilians and refugees through the restrictive engagement of providing social support, working towards reconciliation, policing, observing, and assisting in electoral activities and legal administration.The UN also exercises its authority in disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of fighters (DDR). DDR is a critical part of creating a secure environment that promotes a country’s recovery. The UN provides technical advice, prepares disarmament sites, and collects and destroys weapons and ammunition given up by the combatants (United Nations, n.d.). The organization also facilitates the reintegration of all war factions and supports them with sustainable livelihoods. What kinds of international problems does it seek to ameliorate or resolve, and does the seriousness of these problems warrant a global rather than regional or state response? The UN endeavors to find solutions to problems such as maintaining global peace and security. The organization, created in 1945, works to prevent conflict by identifying threats to world peace and calling the warring parties, encouraging them to come to a peaceful conclusion (United Nations, n.d.). It also helps groups or countries in conflict adopt peace, deploy peacekeepers, and foster conditions that allow peace and tranquility to flourish in their countries. If this does not happen, it adopts Chapter VII guidelines of the UN Charter of employing military and police enforcement and various economic sanctions (United Nations, 2024). While maintaining peace, the organization prosecutes war criminals through the International Criminal Court, who have caused massive human rights violations and genocides in their countries. The defense of human rights is another problem the UN seeks to resolve. According to the UN, promoting and protecting human rights is an important organizational principle. It entails ensuring that all legal instruments and local a...