Psychology: Ivan Pavlov

PSYCHOLOGY Name: Grade Course: Tutor`s Name: (01, December, 2010) Psychology The Ivan Pavlov (1894- 1936) was a Russian psychology. He played a very important role in the field of psychology. He researched on digestion psychology; leading to development of experimental model of learning called classical conditioning. He developed his research by studying salivating dog. He did this by implanting small pouches in dogs stomach, thus collecting secreted gastric juice produced when the dog start eating. He did this with his skills and experience gotten as a surgeon. He introduced a metronome that clicked thus conditioning the dogs to salivate. This helped in development of conditioned reflexes and the field of classical conditioning. In his research, Pavlov used food as unconditioned stimulus that lead to unconditioned response that was salivating. He also used metronome as nonexcitatory element that acted as conditioned stimulus. He would ring the metronome before feeding the dogs. This made the dogs to start salivating when the metronome rings. Even after removing the food and ringing the bell alone, the salivating still continued. Thus, unconditioned stimulus and condition response become conditioned. According to Todes, (2002) Pavlov would slowly remove conditioned response, that is metronome and replace it with something else pairing it with food until the conditioned response do not appear. This is extinction of conditioned response. Later, he would reintroduce it resulting to dogs salivating. He termed this as spontaneous recovery. His work has been acknowledged by scholars as he pioneered the study of psychology. This has lead to influence the modern field of behavioral psychology. In addition, therapies associated to classical conditioning have been developed. These include aversion therapy, flooding therapy and systematic desensitization therapy. His theory has been criticized by scientist due to number of errors leading to a lot of its limitation. They also say that he was unable to explain satisfactorily true mechanism of conditioned reflex. HO Hypothesis of effectiveness of a new medication of depression Hypothesis is an explanation proposed for a certain observable phenomenal. There has been an increase in depression among the people that is caused by lifestyle, drugs, accidents among many other causes and a new medication has been put in place (Schimelpfening, 2008). This has made this study to be carried out in a hospital. Random assignment of participants, which is random picking of the patient and assigning them different ...