Psychology Assignment

Psychology Assignment Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Instructor Course Date Psychology Assignment Question 1: General information Title of the Article “False recognitions in the DRM paradigm: the role of stress and warning” (Guzey & Yılmaz, 2022.p. 99). Authors Melike Guzey & Banu Yılmaz Name of The Journal, The Year of Publication, Volume Number, And Page Numbers. The name of the journal is Cognitive Processing, the year of publication is 2022, the volume number is 23, and the page numbers are 99–107 Question 2: Introduction Main Aim of the Research Study The main aim of the research study was to investigate the individual and combined impacts of psychosocial anxiety and overt cautions provided at various information processing stages on incorrect memories utilising the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm (Guzey & Yılmaz, 2022.p.99). The study particularly focuses on how these factors influence false recognition rates when warnings are given at different phases of data processing, including before encrypting and before information recovery. A Summary of Previous Research According to the article, several studies have shown that human memory is prone to errors, known as false memories. Based on these studies, false memories may arise from implicit associative procedures and the misattribution of matters to sources other than the original. One of the most extensively used tools to measure false memories is the DRM paradigm. The paradigm measures false memories by presenting the participants with word lists that are “semantically associated with a non-presented critical lure” (Guzey & Yılmaz, 2022.p. 99). Afterwards, the participants are then given a memory test. According to the research presented, false memories can be reduced through explicit warnings. However, the effectiveness of these warnings is influenced by various factors, including stress and an individual’s emotional state. Nevertheless, various studies analysing the effects of these aspects, particularly stress on memory, have recorded inconsistent findings. As such, the article emphasizes the need for more research. Question 3: Method The Tasks Accomplished by The Research Participants The study consisted of 126 undergraduate students selected from various faculties at Ankara University. After providing informed consent, the participants, aged between 17 and 30, were randomly divided into six experimental groups based on two factors, including stress and type of warning. The stress factor involved two conditions: a stress group, where participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and a no-stress control group, where participants completed a Sudoku puzzle. On the other hand, the warning factor consisted of three levels, including pre-warning, post-warning, and no-warning. During the study period, the control group engaged in a filler task while the participants in the stress condition went through the TSST. The group undertaking the TSST was given a five-minute preparation period to prepare a five-minute speech task. They later presented the speech to qualified inspectors during a mock job interview and undertook a 5-minute mental arithmetic task (Guzey & Yılmaz, 2022.p101). After completing their tasks, the participants then filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess their anxiety levels and traits. After the participants had completed the STAI test, they were presented with ten words from the original DRM study and asked to memories the words for an upcoming recognition test. To ensure that the participants could be compared accurately, they were given either no warning, a pre-warning, or a post-warning about false memories associated with the word lists they were about to or had already seen, depending on their group assignment. Stress Induction and Measurement ...