Psychological and Behavioural Science Concepts and Their Character Traits
Psychological and behavioural science concepts question:
State the meaning of the following concepts. Describe six of its MOST important characteristics. Label them from 1 to 6. Rank them from the most important to the least important. Remember to paraphrase them from your sources.
- Learning by observation
- Groupthink
- Schizophrenia
- Delusion
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Five-factor theory of personality
- Bystander effect
- Spontaneous recovery (in classical conditioning)
- Conservation
- Reinforcement schedule
- Social norms
Behavioural and Psychological Science Concepts
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Behavioural and Psychological Science Concepts
Psychology is the scientific analysis of the human mind and its processes associated with behavior in a particular setting. In contrast, behavior is an individual's reaction to a certain feeling or event. Therefore, psychological and behavioral science is a discipline that comprehensively explains the motivations underlying people's decisions, actions, and inactions, either socially, emotionally, or environmentally (Hayes, 2023). This essay describes some scientific ideologies and their character traits to understand further, explain, and apply psychological and behavioral science.
Learning by Observation
Learning by observation, otherwise named social learning, is a psychological process whereby people adopt new behaviors, information, or abilities by watching and copying others’ actions.
Characteristics
The most significant element of observational training is imitation. Here, learners study by repeating the actions they saw in others. Replication is a fundamental element of observational learning, aiding the exchange of habits within a society (Acemoglu et al., 2022).
Secondly, another characteristic of observational learning is modeling. People are more prone to shape their actions after those respected or admired in society.
Thirdly, the consequences of behavior suggest that positive results encourage its adoption, whereas negative impacts limit the repetition of the behavior.
Fourthly, observational learning is social by nature, upholding interpersonal connections between parties involved, thus speeding up the learning process.
Fifthly, trainees engage in mental processes, such as remembering and applying the information acquired.
Lastly, models transfer cultural values and practices to share them across generations.
Groupthink
Groupthink is a phenomenon that happens when united individuals prioritize harmony, thereby impairing their ability to think and make decisions.
Characteristics
Groupthink majorly conforms to pressure, as the necessity to make a joint decision revokes the need to examine different opinions, thus causing irrational acts (Tarmo & Issa, 2022).
Secondly, Groups maintain unity as they believe a harmonious existence enhances their ability to make better decisions.
Thirdly, the group develops immunity to different opinions and external commentary by reinforcing its beliefs.
Fourthly, group participants may become overconfident by believing their collective opinion is invulnerable.
Fifthly, groupthink deliberately discourages dissenting views, reducing the range of opinions and critical analysis.