Poverty Among American Indians and Alaskan Natives and Adults with Disabilities
This paper has 3 sections. Please label each section so that it is easier for me to see the responses.
Please pay close attention to the grading criteria below the directions.
It should be 5-6 pages long not including the title page and references.
It should include at least 15 references. They should be APA 7th Edition.
Part 1:
Considering the problem of poverty Among American Indians and Alaskan Natives and Adults with Disabilities
1. determine how to assess poverty’s effect(s) on mental health (societal or individual) among American Indians and Alaskan Natives and Adults with Disabilities by selecting three assessment tools that may be beneficial in measuring these effects. Be sure that you are measuring the effect of poverty on mental health (be sure to include references in this section according to APA 7th Edition).
Part 2
1. Research three (3) psychological assessment tools to determine the best one to measure the effect of poverty on mental health Among American Indians and Alaskan Natives Adults with Disabilities (be sure to include references in this section according to APA 7th Edition).
2. Justify the selection of each assessment tool as a measure for the problem or issue you identified in Part 1 (be sure to include references in this section according to APA 7th Edition).
Part 3
For each assessment tool:
1. Discuss the validity and reliability of each assessment tool (be sure to include references in this section according to APA 7th Edition)
2. Compare and contrast these three assessments tools (be sure to include references in this section according to APA 7th Edition)
3. Justify your choice of what you consider the best tool to capture poverty
Grading Criteria
1. Described a clearly identified problem or issue, including information to understand the impact on the individual or society as a whole.
2. Assessment of the problem or issue was operationally defined and could be understood to fully measure the effects on mental health.
3. The validity and reliability of each of the three assessment tools were thoroughly evaluated and applicable to assess the stated problem or issue.
4. The comparison of the three assessment tools was thorough and accurate.
5. All work was outstanding in 7th edition, APA style and written at the graduate level.
6. Demonstrated exemplary use and integration of current research and cited them using 7th ed APA formatting and included them in the reference list.
7. Minimal use of direct quotations was able to construct arguments and demonstrate critical thinking skills and originality of thought.
8. Demonstrated a concise, organized, well supported and professionally written assignment.
Title
Your Name
Subject and Section
Professor’s Name
Date
Part I
Poverty Among American Indians and Alaskan Natives
In a study by Hathaway (2021), in comparison to the national averages in the United States of poverty (15.6%), unemployment (5.8%), and per capita income ($27,036), all tribal geographic regions of American Indian and Alaskan Natives exhibited higher percentages of poverty, unemployment, and lower per capita income. Among these, the range of poverty percentages varied from 19.2% in the Oklahoma Area to 40.2% among the Navajo tribe. Unemployment percentages ranged from 6.4% in the Oklahoma Area to 18.3% among the Navajo tribe. These percentages are alarming compared to the national average.
Poverty Among Persons with Disabilities
The International Labour Organization (ILO) reports that approximately 386 million working-age individuals worldwide have some form of disability. In certain countries, the unemployment rate among people with disabilities is remarkably high, reaching up to 80 percent. There is a prevalent assumption among employers that individuals with disabilities are incapable of being employed. A survey conducted in the United States 2004 revealed that only 35% of working-age individuals with disabilities were employed, while the employment rate among those without disabilities was 78% (World Health Organization, n.d.). Most unemployed respondents with disabilities expressed their strong desire to work but faced challenges in finding suitable job opportunities (Beatty et al., 2019).
Psychological Assessment Tools
In line with the information stated, it is essential to assess the mental health and social well-being of persons with disabilities and American Indians/Alaskan Natives living in poverty. Many psychological assessment tools can be used to evaluate the connection between poverty, cultural identity, and disability. The Accountable Health Communities Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), and the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28).
Part II
Accountable Health Communities Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool (AHC-HRSN)
The AHC-HRSN is a screening tool comprised of 10 primary items and an additional set of 16 questions. It aims to detect the specific needs of patients that can be addressed through community services. These needs are categorized into four domains: economic stability, social and community context, neighborhood and physical environment, and food (Kaiser Permanente, 2020; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2019).
Importance of AHC-HRSN in Assessing the Effect of Poverty Among American Indians/Alaskan Natives
The mental health of individuals is intricately intertwined with the social, environmental, and economic circumstances that shape their lives from birth to aging. Notably, poverty and deprivation have been identified as significant determinants of both the social and behavioral development of children and the mental well-being of adults, as supported by various references (Maynard et al., 2018; Knifton & Inglis, 2020).
In particular, when examining the connection between poverty, American Indians/Alaskans, and the AHC-HRSN, it is vital to recognize the disproportionate impact of poverty on specific communities, including American Indian and Alaskan Native populations. These communities often face higher poverty rates and limited access to resources, exacerbating health disparities and negatively affecting mental health outcomes.
The AHC-HRSN is a valuable tool in identifying and addressing the specific health-related social needs experienced by individuals, including those affected by poverty within the American Indian/Alaskan Native communities (Lewis et al., 2020). By using this screening tool, healthcare providers can gain insights into the unique challenges and social determinants of health these individuals face, enabling targeted interventions and support to improve their mental well-being and overall health outcomes.
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0)
WHODAS 2.0 is a comprehensive tool designed to evaluate six domains of functioning: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along with others, life activities (household and work-related), and participation in society. It assesses an individual's capacity to complete tasks, engage in social interactions, and actively participate within these domains. The scale consists of 36 items that encompass various aspects of functioning and disability (World Health Organization, 2010).
Importance of WHODAS 2.0 in Assessing the Effect of Poverty Among Persons with Disabilities
Persons with disabilities frequently necessitate specific healthcare services, assistive devices, therapies, and personal assistance. These additional requirements incur substantial financial costs for individuals and their families, restricting their capacity to fulfill other fundamental needs (Bright et al., 2018). Consequently, this financial strain significantly heightens the likelihood of experiencing poverty (World Health Organization, 2023). By pinpointing the domains in which individuals encounter the most significant challenges, using WHODAS 2.0, professionals can devise precise tactics to tackle those difficulties, foster self-reliance, enhance functional abilities, and ultimately enhance overall well-being (Ferrer et al., 2019). This personalized approach is indispensable in effectively addressing the distinctive circumstances and limitations arising from poverty and disability.
General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28)
The GHQ-28, a self-administered tool suitable for research purposes, offers a more comprehensive assessment than a single severity score. It was designed to cover four key domains: somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. The GHQ-28 specifically targets disruptions in normal functioning that impede individuals from carrying out their regular healthy activities. The questionnaire captures the emergence of distressing phenomena experienced within the past few weeks (Hjelle et al., 2019; Ames-Guerrero et al., 2020).
Importance of GHQ-28 in Assessing the Effects of Poverty Among American Indians/Alaskan Natives and Persons with Disabilities
For individuals experiencing poverty within these communities, the GHQ-28 allows for evaluating the specific psychological impacts of economic deprivation. It helps identify the prevalence and severity of mental health challenges commonly associated with poverty, such as somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and severe depression (Hjelle et al., 2019).
By utilizing the GHQ-28 in research and clinical settings, professionals can gather valuable data on the mental health difficulties faced by those living in poverty. This information is instrumental in understanding the nuanced relationship between poverty and mental health outcomes among American Indians/Alaskan Natives and persons with disabilities.
Ultimately, the GHQ-28 is a critical tool for assessing the mental health impacts of poverty among American Indians/Alaskan Natives and persons with disabilities. By identifying and understanding these effects, interventions, and policies can be developed to address the disparities associated with poverty and improve the overall well-being of ind...