Patient Portfolio: Patient With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
For this assignment, you will start by selecting one of the case studies (accessible from the Course Resources) and develop a patient portfolio. The goal of the portfolio is to identify a disorder and recommend a plan of action to help the patient manage their symptoms and change behavior for therapeutic outcomes.
Do a search of the Library and the internet for resources. You are also to use the course textbook, but your project should include at least four additional references from the Library and/or the internet (your final assignment must include one Library resource and three additional Library or internet sources). The internet sources you use for the assignment should be credible. You should not use internet sites such as About.com or Wikipedia, where anyone can post information. Your information should be from acceptable psychological or medical societies, such as the National Institute of Health, WebMD®, etc.
You will then address the following areas that are outlined in the patient portfolio template. Parts 2–4 of the patient portfolio should be a minimum of 675 words. All work should be in the student’s own words, with quotes used very sparingly. No more than 10% of the work should be direct quotations.
Using the provided template as-is, develop the patient’s portfolio by addressing the following:
Part 1: Background Information About the Patient
Provide background information that includes:
The patient’s disorder.
A list of the diagnostic criteria that the patient meets listed in the DSM–5-TR under the diagnostic criteria for the disorder.
Part 2: Psychological Approach
Select a psychological theory from the course textbook (choose either a cognitive or behavioral theory). Refer directly to the textbook or an academic source to explain the theory. After explaining the theory, apply it by discussing how it may explain the development of the case study’s mental illness. (Approximately 225 words)
Part 3: Biological Approach
Select a theory from the biological approach from the course textbook (choose either the genetic or neurological influence). Refer directly to the textbook or an academic source to explain the theory. After explaining the theory, apply it by discussing how it may explain the development of the case study’s mental illness. (Approximately 225 words)
Part 4: Sociocultural Approach
Select a theory from the social and cultural or interpersonal relationship approach from the course textbook. Refer to the textbook or an academic source to explain the theory. After explaining the theory, apply it by discussing how it may explain the development of the case study’s mental illness. (Approximately 225 words)
Part 5: Treatment
Discuss what types of medical approaches (ECT, prescription medications, psychosurgery, or current medical devices) you would recommend for the patient by referring to studies showing effectiveness in treating the disorder. (Approximately 75 words)
Compare and contrast the side effects the patient may experience from the selected type of medical approach and support what benefit the treatment has on the brain chemistry or neurotransmitter activity. (Approximately 75 words)
Discuss psychotherapy options (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy, exposure therapy). Explain the chosen therapy and specifically how the patient would benefit from it. (Approximately 100 words)
Provide both short and long-term goals for the patient’s treatment plan. Include accomplishments or behavioral changes you want to see in the patient. (Approximately 75 words)
Part 6: Conclusion
Discuss which of the approaches can best explain the development (or cause) of the case study’s mental disorder and why your chosen treatment plan would be the most beneficial plan for the patient (biological approach, psychological approach, or sociocultural approach). (Approximately 150 words)
Unit 8 Patient Portfolio
Student's Name
Case Study
Course
Professor's Name
Project Name
Part 1: Patient's Background
Patient's Name
Maria
Disorder Name
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
List of diagnostic criteria that the patient meets (based on the DSM-5-TR)
1 Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive and unwanted, causing marked anxiety or distress.
2 Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to the obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.
3 The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g., take more than 1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
4 Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
5 The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., excessive worries, as in generalized anxiety disorder; preoccupation with appearance, as in body dysmorphic disorder; difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, as in hoarding disorder; hair pulling, as in trichotillomania; skin picking, as in excoriation disorder; stereotypies, as in stereotypic movement disorder; ritualized eating behavior, as in eating disorders). Maria meets all five criteria for the diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Part 2: Psychological Approach
The cognitive-behavioral theory (CBT) suggests that mental disorders, including OCD, are caused by distorted or irrational thoughts (cognitions) and behaviors (behaviors) (Goodman, Storch & Sheth, 2021). CBT posits that individuals with OCD have exaggerated negative beliefs about their thoughts' significance, leading to obsessive thoughts and repetitive behaviors that temporarily reduce anxiety. The compulsions reinforce, leading to further repetition and increasing anxiety (Goodman, Storch & Sheth, 2021). In Maria's case, her obsessions with cleanliness and religious rituals may have stemmed from her early life experiences and strict Catholic upbringing. She may have developed irrational beliefs about cleanliness and religious purity and may believe that her actions prevent harm to herself and others. CBT can help Maria learn to identify and challenge her negative thoughts and beliefs, develop coping strategies for managing her anxiety, and gradually confront her fears to reduce her compulsive behaviors.
Part 3: Biological Approach
The biological theory suggests that brain structure, chemistry, or genetic abnormalities may cause mental disorders such as OCD. Research indicates that OCD is associated with abnormalities in serotonin levels, which can impact brain functioning and behavior. Studies have also shown that OCD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component (Goodman, Storch & Sheth, 2021). In Maria's case, her family history shows no evidence of mental illness, but one of her sons was diagnosed with ADHD, which may suggest a genetic vulnerability to mental health disorders. Biological treatments such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be effective in reducing OCD symptoms by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. However, these medications may have side effects, such as nausea, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
Part 4: Sociocultural Approach
The sociocultural approach suggests that cultural, social, and environmental factors play a significant role in developing mental disorders. For instance, culture-bound syndromes, which are specific to particular cultures, may cause certain symptoms that are unique to that culture. Environmental factors, such as stressful life events, can trigger or exacerbate mental health problems (Goodman, Storch & Sheth, 2021). In Maria's case, her Catholic upbringing and cultural values may have cont...