Introduction to Biopsychology

Question 3
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Question 3
Answer a
The subcortical structures comprise a group of distinctive neural formations that are found deep within the brain. They include the limbic system, diencephalon, basal ganglia, and pituitary glands. The two primary subcortical structures that belong to the limbic system include the medial orbitofrontal gyri and parahippocampal gyrus. In particular, the parahippocampal gyrus refers to the grey matter in the cortical region of a person’s brain. This part is crucial in brain functioning since it plays the primary role of encoding memory and retrieving the information when the need arises. Indeed, it helps people to remember things without forgetting. Additionally, the medial orbitofrontal gyri is an important component of individuals’ decision-making. For instance, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is positioned uniquely to facilitate its functionality. The medial orbitofrontal gyri receive signals from the dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Specifically, it can respond to situations based on the values associated with them, which might include a reinforcer or reward. As such, the subcortical structures of the limbic system hold crucial roles that enable people to remember things well since their brain can store and retrieve information when the need arises.
Answer b
Pharmacotherapy is crucial in managing various mental disorders. In the scenario at hand, we will focus on how pharmacotherapy can be used to address two primary mental disorders, which include major depressive disorder and bipolar disorders. In most cases, pharmacotherapy is usually effective in managing the ancillary emotional issues, such as fear, anxiety, depression, and anger. These mental disorders usually arise from an enlarged amygdala. Pharmacotherapy reduces dopaminergic activities in human brains when...