Assignment 3

Assignment 3 Question The world suffered from a pandemic from 2020 to 2022. During that period, one-third of the global population had experienced a form of lockdown. Medical systems had been under great pressure, and thousands of lives had been lost because of the COVID-19 virus. Imagine that you are a final-year undergraduate applying for a master’s degree in 2020. You feel very stressed and disoriented about your future, but you think it is better to prepare ahead for the challenges and you wish for the best outcome. Your sister, who is a civil servant, is comparatively much calmer in this situation. a.Define hope. b. As a person who is experiencing a stressor, use hope theory to explain how this pandemic situation might influence the pursuit of your goals. c. Also, please explain why, in this situation, different groups of people (e.g. people with different jobs or different ethnicities) may have different levels of hope. Q1a)Define Hope  Write Around 120 words •Snyder hope theory: Goal-directed thinking (including two ways of thinking): (1) Pathways thinking  •Find routes to desired goals •Positive self-talk (e.g. “I will find a way to tackle this question”) (2) Agency thinking  •Motivation to implement routes •Energetic personal agency-focused self-talk statements (e.g. “I will never give up; I will keep doing this”) ●Hope = Motivated to approach a certain goal with considerable value Features of goals: •Short term or long term  •Approach-oriented or preventative •Vary in difficulty of attainment Hope Thoery Describes how to achieve a goal and how to fuel this process CONT •Pathway and agency thought determine emotion set (~personality) •Goal - Sufficiently high for hoping process to continue •Feedback loop - Positive emotions reinforce goal pursuit process  •May encounter stressor along route to goal  oSuccessful :Positive emotions (i.e. positive reinforcement) oNOT successful :Negative emotions (i.e. punishment)  Example: To get good grade in an exam with sufficient outcome value •Pathway: “Study for three hours per day to improve my knowledge” •Agency: “Having a good grade would be beneficial to my future” •Stress may be activated before attain goal or gives up •Stressor interpreted differently depending on level of hope High hopers: View barriers as challenges  Low hopers: Become stuck Q1b - As a person who is experiencing a stressor, use hope theory to explain how this pandemic situation might influence the pursuit of your goals.  Write Around 720words Hope Theory (CONT) •May encounter stressor along route to goal  oSuccessful  Positive emotions (i.e. positive reinforcement) oNOT successful  Negative emotions (i.e. punishment) •Stressor interpreted differently depending on the person’s overall level of hope •High hopers:  View barriers as challenges + Explore alternate solutions •Low hopers: oBecome stuck - Cannot find alternative solutions oNegative emotions and ruminations affect goal pursuits – How to do better •Explain hope theory •Link the pathway thinking and agency thinking with the situation Covid-19 •Elaborate with relevant examples from pandemic Example:  •How pandemic affected the “original routes” and “alternate routes” •Capacity to create realistic plan •Motivation level •Stressor interpreted differently between high and low hopers Q1c)Also, please explain why, in this situation, different groups of people (e.g. people with different jobs or different ethnicities) may have different levels of hope. Write Around 360words Different Levels of Hope  Differences between ethnic groups: •Some ethnic minority groups - Higher mean scores in agency and pathways thinking •Obstacles faced by these cultural groups (e.g. racism, discrimination) •Lead some individuals more practice at dealing with difficulties in life  Higher scores  ➢Other reasonable answers are acceptable (E.g. Social support, religions affirmations)