Stages of Social, Personality, Physical, and Intellectual Development

Stages of development
Name
Affiliation
Course
Tutor
Stages of development
The social and personality development of the infant
The emotional development of babies is determined by their social state and general emotions. These aspects are built around the most significant and subsequent activities around the babies' lives. Temperament is also an essential aspect of the definition of the social state of an infant (Switzer, 2018). It refers to the babies' reactions and interactions with their environments right from birth. Although infants may not have the capacity to know and identify the various things in their environment, their innate personality raises reactions as they interact with the new environment after birth (Switzer, 2018). The theorists Thomas and Chess argue that each infant is original and different on how they react to the environment after birth, and the unique pattern is not learned or taught but present right from the time of delivery (Switzer, 2018). The temperament of infants could be affected by the role played by caregivers because the two interact with each other closely. Thus, caregivers can impact the temperament of babies by ensuring that the environment provided right from birth is what the latter wanted their baby to adopt (Switzer, 2018). Besides, temperament is affected by the environment, and the babies can only take the surroundings they are in after birth.
The psychosocial, social, and moral development of the preschool child
The psychological development of a child is a significant aspect of a child's growth. Erikson's theory of mental evolution identifies the first stage as occurring from the period between birth and one year (Oswalt, n.d.). The child is entirely dependent on the caregiver, and the development of trust depends on the caregivers’ quality of care (Switzer, 2018). The next stage of development involves children between the ages of two to five years (Oswalt, n.d.). It is significant because the children get into the phase of identification and reveal morality, beliefs, and behaviors. Morality is the ability to learn between right or wrong and the insight to make the right choice (Oswalt, n.d.). “Children's experiences at home, the environment around them, and their physical, cognitive, emotional, and social skills influence their developing sense of right vs. wrong” (Oswalt, n.d.). The morality of children at this age is influenced by their environment as this stage indulges copying in most cases. Thus, the choices between right and wrong depend on the actions of the people around them (Switzer, 2018). If they know a specific option is wrong, they will not engage in it, but if it’s right, they will go ahead. For example, children start revealing guilt feelings whenever they are on the wrong or have broken a rule (Oswalt, n.d.). This empathy-based reaction shows the development of morality from the environment through guidance from individuals like caregivers.
The two stages of development have various similarities and differences. The reactions of children are impacted by the environment around them in both phases. Although the children have varying ages, their lives are most impacted and guided by the people and the activities happening around them. Both stages of development indulge significant changes in the psychological aspects of babies. Children begin identifying various things naturally and more so with the help and impact of the caregivers. The development and growth of the children are influenced by the ability of their caregivers in both stages. On the other hand, the stages offer si...