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Journal Club Template

Essay Instructions:

Assessing Research



This week, you are focusing on the assessing the elements of research. Recall that when engaging in evidence-based practice, once a practice question is identified, nurses turn to the literature to look for scientific evidence to address the question. Once appropriate literature has been identified, it is critical that the literature be evaluated.



Journal Club Format



To aid the incorporation of scholarly evidence into nursing practice, some health care organizations have journal clubs. In this week's media presentation, Dr. Dang and Dr. Schmidt discuss how journal clubs offer nurses the opportunity to read and discuss the scientific literature with their peers. This gives nurses a chance to develop their evaluation skills and to collaboratively explore evidence-based practice research. Journal clubs provide an opportunity for nurses to begin exploring changes in clinical practice based on scientific evidence.



Journal clubs are used to discuss and judiciously evaluate research articles published in the professional literature. For example, staff nurses on a particular acute care unit might use the journal club to determine the value of evidence for a practice change. Participants voice their views related to appropriateness and usefulness of the research. 



For this Discussion, students will use the Journal Club format (Journal Club Template ) to discuss the analysis of research published in the professional literature. You will choose one article from the list of research articles provided for the Week 3 Assignment. (To access the articles, go to the Walden Library, Course Resources section for NURS4000 or NURS4001. Click on the Week 3 Articles tab.)



You will summarize one article using the Journal Club Template and then interact with others in the Discussion as if you are actually in a journal club, asking and addressing appropriate questions.



Support your response with references from the professional nursing literature.

Essay Sample Content Preview:
Journal Club Template
Full reference for article:
Makaroff, K. S., Storch, J., Pauly, B., & Newton, L. (2014). Searching for ethical leadership in nursing. Nursing Ethics, 21(6), 642–658. doi:10.1177/0969733013513213.
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW

Study problem

Despite the growing importance of registered nurses (RNs) in the health care industry, formal nurse leaders (FNLs) have not been equipped to address the needs of RNs in order to perform their jobs properly. The researchers believed that this is because there is very little attention given to identifying leadership responsibilities of FNLs as well as understanding ethical leadership in today’s context.

Research question(s)

How do frontline nurses and FNLs envision ethical nursing leadership?

Hypothesis/es if applicable

None

Study significance for nursing

This study begins with the assumption that all health care providers "have an ethical responsibility to care for those who care for others" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Clark", "given" : "CM", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Olender", "given" : "L", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Cardoni", "given" : "C", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "J Nurs Adm", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "7-8", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "324\u2013330", "title" : "Fostering civility in nursing education and practice", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "41" }, "locator" : "329", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=81e4d9b4-61c9-4c6f-a008-d209ed86aa64" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Clark, Olender, & Cardoni, 2011, p. 329)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Clark, Olender, & Cardoni, 2011, p. 329)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Clark, Olender, & Cardoni, 2011, p. 329)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Clark, Olender, & Cardoni, 2011, p. 329). By discovering how RNs and FNLs envision ethical leadership, the researchers can discover the similarities and differences of these two points of view and provide recommendations on how health care institutions can bridge the gap. This way, FNLs will learn discover what their leadership responsibilities are so that they can fulfill and monitor tasks that are within their scope. Moreover, FNLs can learn about expectations of RNs of their leaders so that they can address the needs of their subordinates more effectively. Meanwhile, this research will also allow RNs to create a more realistic expectation of the roles of their FNLs.

Literature review

What are the ethical responsibilities of nurse leaders?
1. According to Nightingale ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Ulrich", "given" : "BT", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1992" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Appleton & Lange", "publisher-place" : "Norwalk, CT", "title" : "Leadership and management according to Florence Nightingale", "type" : "book" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=839869b3-ba61-4910-9618-50c9a4ba3e3a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Ulrich, 1992)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Ulrich, 1992)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Ulrich, 1992)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Ulrich, 1992), nurse leaders must act with both fairness and caring. Her subordinates must know that her role is to ensure that RNs perform their jobs well, but that she must also be personable and approachable. For Nightingale, a nurse leader must always keep this question: "(not, how can I always do the right thing myself, but) how can I provide for the right thing always to be done?" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Ulrich", "given" : "BT", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1992" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Appleton & Lange", "publisher-place" : "Norwalk, CT", "title" : "Leadership and management according to Florence Nightingale", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "43", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=839869b3-ba61-4910-9618-50c9a4ba3e3a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Ulrich, 1992, p. 43)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Ulrich, 1992, p. 43)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Ulrich, 1992, p. 43)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Ulrich, 1992, p. 43).
2. Meanwhile, Aikens ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Aikens", "given" : "C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1935" ] ] }, "publisher" : "WB Saunders Company", "publisher-place" : "Philadelphia, PA", "title" : "Studies in ethics for nurses", "type" : "book" }, "suppress-author" : 1, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=5982b110-13ee-42bc-8fbd-64a6510b6758" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(1935)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(1935)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(1935)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(1935) focuses on "fairness, favoritism, finding fault, loyalty, and other aspects of being in charge"
3. Levine ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Levine", "given" : "M.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Am J Nurs", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1977" ] ] }, "page" : "845\u2013849", "title" : "Ethics: nursing ethics and the ethical nurse", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "77" }, "suppress-author" : 1, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=a23bd4b0-123d-4eda-91ca-1e4ae99c78bd" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(1977)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(1977)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(1977)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(1977) says that nurse leaders are not just involved in decision making concerning resource allocation, they are also expected to express in their day-to-day tasks their "commitment to other persons" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Levine", "given" : "M.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Am J Nurs", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1977" ] ] }, "page" : "845\u2013849", "title" : "Ethics: nursing ethics and the ethical nurse", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "77" }, "locator" : "846", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=a23bd4b0-123d-4eda-91ca-1e4ae99c78bd" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Levine, 1977, p. 846)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Levine, 1977, p. 846)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Levine, 1977, p. 846)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Levine, 1977, p. 846) in ways that will empower them.

Funding sources

Canadian Health Services Research Foundation/Canadian Institutes of
Health Research (Grant #PHS-73043);

METHODS

Study design and methods (quantitative or qualitative, randomization, blinding, controls, study groups, length of study, etc.)

This study is a meta-ethnography of four journal articles which explored ethical leadership through various research designs (focus group discussion, participatory action research, interviews, group meetings, surveys and conferences). The respondents in the articles were front line nurses, formal nurse leaders and nursing graduate students. The researchers believe that by utilizing meta-synthesis in its study design, it could create a comparative understanding of the topic and create better generalizations that what the four articles made individually.

Sample selection and data collection setting (inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample size, representativeness, if appropriate)

The articles ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Varcoe", "given" : "C", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Doane", "given" : "G", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Pauly", "given" : "B", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "J Adv Nurs 2004", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "3", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2004" ] ] }, "page" : "316-325", "title" : "Ethical practice in nursing: working the in-betweens", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "45" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=57953a47-f16a-4558-8b90-0ed717d11984" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Storch", "given" : "J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Rodney", "given" : "P", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Pauly", "given" : "B", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Can Nurse", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issue" : "3", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2008" ] ] }, "page" : "20-25", "title" : "Enhancing ethical climates in nursing work environments", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "105" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=361d0c24-45a6-43e7-830d-90490963cc9e" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-3", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Rodney", "given" : "P", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Doane", "given" : "GH", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Storch", "given" : "J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Can Nurse", "id" : "ITEM-3", "issue" : "6", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2006" ] ] }, "page" : "24\u201327", "title" : "Toward a safer moral climate", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "102" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ce2c5e39-424f-4857-a63e-d79f45f5e51f" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-4", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Maben", "given" : "J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Latter", "given" : "S", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Clark", "given" : "JM", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nursing Inquiry", "id" : "ITEM-4", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2007" ] ] }, "page" : "99-113", "title" : "The sustainability of ideals, values and the nursing mandate: evidence from a longitudinal qualitative study", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "14" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=e68ee4ae-2099-419b-a775-8e36dace17ce" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Maben, Latter, & Clark, 2007; Rodney, Doane, & Storch, 2006; Storch, Rodney, & Pauly, 2008; Varcoe, Doane, & Pauly, 2004)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Maben, Latter, & Clark, 2007; Rodney, Doane, & Storch, 2006; Storch, Rodney, & Pauly, 2008; Varcoe, Doane, & Pauly, 2004)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Maben, Latter, & Clark, 2007; Rodney, Doane, & Storch, 2006; Storch, Rodney, & Pauly, 2008; Varcoe, Doane, & Pauly, 2004)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Maben, Latter, & Clark, 2007; Rodney, Doane, & Storch, 2006; Storch, Rodney, & Pauly, 2008; Varcoe, Doane, & Pauly, 2004) u...
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