Institutional Racism and the Educational System
Order details #00128035
Date File name
2021-05-23 08:26 Restorative_Justice_Annotated_Bibliography_K_Mitchell_v2.docx
2021-05-23 07:49 Racism_in_Education.docx
2021-05-23 07:49 Educational_Institutional_Racism_Education_Report.docx
Undergraduate, APA, Research Paper: 2 page(s) / approximately 550 words, Literature & Language
Deadline: 2021-05-24 07:55
Preferred Writer: #00127701 (Restorative Justice and Racial Reflexivity...)
Topic: Institutional Racism and the Educational System
Instructions:
I would like the same writer who did order #00127701 to edit my main research paper entitled Institutional Racism in Education (IRE). In addition, I want two pages added to the paper and the material can Include some lines from the previously written bibliography #00127701 on Restorative Justice and some perspectives on Critical Race Theory. See the links below and please add them to the reference list.
The intro paragraph needs a revision The goal is to highlight the reasons why discrimination is still happening and some perspectives on solutions etc.
Also, see a second reference paper attached called the History of Racism in the Schools. You may find some material in it and your welcome to use it but it must be polished up. The History of Racism paper and the attached bibliography on Critical Race Theory can be used to be inserted into the main paper (IRE).
Thanks and good luck.
Critical Race Theory (1970s-present)
https://owl(dot)purdue(dot)edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_literature/literary_theory_and_schools_of_criticism/critical_race_theory.html
Lab, P., 2021. Critical Race Theory // Purdue Writing Lab. [online] Purdue Writing Lab. Available at: [Accessed 23 May 2021].
What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack?
https://www(dot)edweek(dot)org/leadership/what-is-critical-race-theory-and-why-is-it-under-attack/2021/05
Sawchuk, S. (2021, May 20). What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack? Education Week. https://www(dot)edweek(dot)org/leadership/what-is-critical-race-theory-and-why-is-it-under-attack/2021/05.
Just what is critical race theory anyway?
Critical race theory is an academic concept that is more than 40 years old. The core idea is that racism is a social construct and that it is not merely the product of individual bias or prejudice, but also something embedded in legal systems and policies.
The basic tenets of critical race theory, or CRT, emerged out of a framework for legal analysis in the late 1970s and early 1980s created by legal scholars Derrick Bell, Kimberlé Crenshaw, and Richard Delgado, among others.
A good example is when, in the 1930s, government officials literally drew lines around areas deemed poor financial risks, often explicitly due to the racial composition of inhabitants. Banks subsequently refused to offer mortgages to Black people in those areas.
Today, those same patterns of discrimination live on through facially race-blind policies, like single-family zoning that prevents the building of affordable housing in advantaged, majority-white neighborhoods and, thus, stymies racial desegregation efforts.
Educational Institutional Racism
Name:
Institution:
Educational Institutional Racism
Introduction
Racism is one of the elements of modern-day slavery that is being experienced in this 21st century. It is manifested within the community in various ways, including individual racism and or institutional racism. Individual racism occurs when an individual engages in an act that is deemed to be despising other people who are of different races. On the other hand, institutional racism, which is also referred to as systematic racism, occurs when social or political institutions engage in activities that express disparities among individuals within a society depending on their races. The variations might be in the form of wealth-income, criminal justice, political power, or even education, among other issues. This presentation shall majorly focus on systematic racism in education and will, therefore, highlight how institutional racism has infiltrated the education system. It also focuses on the persistence of racist attitudes and discriminatory practices in education, while raising awareness, promoting racial equality and restorative justice are essential to deal with institutional racism in education.
Systematic Racism in Education
It is without a doubt that the significant promise that school-goers often get from their parents or guardians is that they should go to school to prepare themselves for more exceptional achievements in life. Again, it is undisputable to state that education is vital in any one’s life as it is the path towards more significant results. However, these promises tend to become a fantasy for several individuals within the society as they struggle to get the happy life they had been promised after education. The most affected individuals are usually people of color who face several barriers in the educational system. These barriers are experienced from the early stages of education, and they primarily affect learners of color as white students do not think or worry about the challenges thanks to the systems that have been deemed to be protecting them.
Racism does exist in education and is manifested in the education system as an extension of what happens in the rest of society. Thus, educational content is one aspect where racism is rampant. Even when the education content does not include explicit racist content against minorities, education stakeholders target students and reinforce institutional racism. School racism beyond the curriculum partly explains the racial inequity in the education system. Structural challenges affect access to education for African American youth and adults widens education attainment, and in theory, there is an expected guarantee to access inclusive education.
Institutional Racism in the Early Stages of Education
Disparity in Preschool
As much as it may sound ridiculous, institutional racism in education begins from the preschool stage. Besides the routine plays that learners in preschool are associated with, there is more than what meets the eye happening in these institutions. For instance, research has it that 18% of preschool learners are black, and they make up the highest number of suspension cases in these institutions. This is because;black students make up almost 50% of all suspension cases in preschools. This is ridiculous when compared to white learners who make up a massive 43% of preschool enrolment but only represent 26% of all suspension cases.It has been argued that the numbers are not an apparent representation of misbehavior that is experienced in preschool behavior. That is to say, that black learners are not as bad as the suspension statistics portray them. To shed more light on this, a study conducted by the American Psychological Association (2014) suggested that back boys as young as ten years old are perceived by society to be older and less innocent. This way, preschool teachers are more likely to suspend them compared to their white colleagues.
Disparity in K-12
Elements of institutional racism continue to manifest in various stages of education. A perfect example that shows how systematic racism is revealed in the K-12 stage of schooling is coined in a study that was conducted in 2014 by the United States Department of Education. According to the United States Department of Education (2015), the rate of suspension or expulsion among black students in K-12 grade is three times higher compared to white students. The study also goes further affirm the claim by stating that this statistic is constant even when the students are involved in similar infractions. Besides, the same survey also indicated that black students in K-12 formed the majority ofthose who were referred to law enforcement and even subjected to arrest. These disparities, therefore, serve as precise indications of what is institutional racism in education facilities.
Persistence of Institutional racism in education
Institutional racism perpetuates discrimination and privileges certain people based on their race. One of the challenges with addressing the issues is that it occurs so frequently that people do not even notice it. Schools and education remain one of the agents of socialization, and unequal treatment between people of color and whites that occurs within education institutions is associated with upholding discriminatory practices. Furthermore, institutional racism promotes racial exclusion or prejudice, and one of the impacts is education inequality, which is also associated with a significant difference in unemployment rates.
Critical Race Theory
Critical race theory (CRT) is one of the most cited theories to analyze systemic oppression and understand racial inequity across the dominant cultural modes of expression (Lab, 2021). There has been increased interest in fighting racism, mostly institutionalized in the legal system, but cultural perceptions of race still affect their attitudes towards others. While CRT focuses on the law and legal system perpetuating racism, it is a useful tool when analyzing racism in education. CRT studies shed light on the complex relationship between race and law society's structure and implicit bias. Racist discourses operating in education are among the factors associated with perpetuating discriminatory practices against minorities, especially African American students.
Color-blind narratives often omit the lived experiences of people of color. While well-meaning, color blindness does not reflect the reality that there are structures associated with upholding racism. While CRT scholars mostly critique the legal system, they also challenge the dominant narratives on race and education in research and practice in education. Despite the constitutional mandate of equality, people do not have access to the same opportunities, but open dialogue can help create awareness and promote support to address racial discrimination.
Establishment of School to Prison Pipeline
Several studies have also indicated that the number of resource officers, police officers, and guards who aredeployed in public schools has tremendously increased over time. For instance, the report released by the National Center for Educational Statistics in 2015 indicated that 84,000 public schools in the United States were being manned by close to 90,000 security officers (Stark & Noel, 201...