Create an Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography Name Institution Course Instructor Date Annotated Bibliography Sacks, E., Schleiff, M., Were, M., Chowdhury, A. M., & Perry, H. B. (2020). Communities, universal health coverage and primary health care. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(11), 773–780. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.20.252445 Sacks et al. attest that universal health coverage (UHC) cannot be achieved unless a country implements a strong primary healthcare system incorporating community-based services. Sack et al. attest that more than 100 million individuals are poor yearly due to healthcare expenses, showing the importance of financial security under the universal health model. In addition, the authors examine how community organizations are crucial in advocating for equitable healthcare and ensuring policies address social determinants of health. The article advocates for robust community engagement in deciding to foster healthcare outcomes and alleviate deep-rooted inequalities. For this model to be fruitful, "policies and actions to improve primary health care must regard community members as more than passive recipients of health care" (p. 773). This source will provide key insights into how UHC can be incorporated into a community-based intervention to achieve equitable and accessible healthcare. (Peer-reviewed journal) Galvani, A. P., Parpia, A. S., Foster, E. M., Singer, B. H., & Fitzpatrick, M. C. (2020). Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA. The Lancet, 395(10223), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736 (19)33019-3 Galvani et al. discuss the public health and economic advantages of incorporating a universal, single-payer healthcare system in the U.S. by estimating that a shift to the Medicare for All system could contribute to a 13% decrease in national healthcare costs. The article claims that universal coverage would avoid approximately 68000 mortalities and add 1.73 million life-years every year by bolstering access to healthcare. Moreover, the author showcases that administrative expenses are critical in driving inefficiencies under private insurance, but the universal healthcare model might decrease overhead expenses while simplifying billing. Galvani et al. further recommend that universal healthcare could obtain funds by transferring existing workers and household-related expenses into a government-governed system. According to the author, "With the uncoupling of employment status from insurance plans, a single-payer system would also resolve the fragmentation under the current system that arises during employment transition — if, for example, a patient's former doctor is considered out-of-network under a new employer's insurance plan" (p. 9). I would utilize this source to highlight that universal healthcare is financially sustainable and a life-saving reform crucial to fostering the U.S. healthcare system. (Peer-reviewed journal) Cornelius, C. R. (2022). The United States Healthcare System from a Comparative Perspective: The Prospects for Universal Healthcare in America (thesis). Baltimore, Maryland. https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0867b54c-f656-4154-8c7c-9cfaa402df72/content Cornelius offers a comparative analysis of the United States healthcare system compared to other developed countries with universal healthcare. The thesis reflects the inequalities in healthcare access, political hindrances, and the economic incompetence to effectively and efficiently integrate universal health coverage. Cornelius purports that countries such as Canada and Germany incur reduced healthcare expenses and improved health outcomes by capitalizing on UHC. The author also examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on accessibility to healthcare, which continues to expose systematic disparities, and recommends a hybrid model that combines components from current universal healthcare, keeping an eye on existing American economic and political realism. One key quote notes, "Within European countries with universal healthcare, there are significantly lower maternal mortality rates than the United States, with the second-highest country’s maternal mortality rate being half the rate of the United States” (p. 12). These sources will offer essential information for comparing international healthcare, showing how the United States can shift to universal healthcare and maintain economic feasibility. (Master’s thesis) Crowley, R., Daniel, H., Cooney, T. G., & Engel, L. S. (2020). Envisioning a better U.S. Health Care System for all: Coverage and cost of care. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(2_Supplement), S7–S32. https://doi.org/10.7326/m19-2415 Crowley et al. provide an analysis of cost inefficiencies in the United States healthcare and recommend changing to universal hea...