Observation journals and summary. Intersection Between Nature and Society

Intersection Between Nature and Society
Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees
Institutional Affiliation(s)
 Intersection Between Nature and Society
Section 1: Relevant Journals
 The onset of the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the late 1700s set the society on collision with the environment. During this period, many power-driven machines were innovated, replacing hand tools. Automation began to take shape, opening doors for mass production of consumer goods such as textiles. Coal (and later oil) provided power for the machines and industries channeling carbon into the atmosphere. Mass production of material goods implied extensive exploitation of natural resources. People began to move closer to industries for job opportunities causing congestion and overpopulation. The industrial revolution opened up the environment to societal misuse and abuse, and today, the environment is fighting back. There are several peered reviewed journals this paper will rely on upon understanding the intersection between nature and society.  
i. Valentine Seymour, 2016
In this critical review, Valentine Seymour intended to understand the relationship between the changing human-nature relationship. In order to investigate this connection, this article begins by reviewing historical debates on the nature of the relationship between humans and the environment. Further, the article explores the concept of the chronological history of 'health' within the context of the environment. Based on the two concepts, Seymour developed a conceptual model to explore the human-nature relationship and how it impacts health. Seymour concluded that society is linked with the environment in many ways, including the preference for scenes dominated by natural elements, health benefits associated with engagement with nature, and the urge to enforce sustainability of resources.
Seymour's work is relevant to this paper for several reasons. First, it informs on the impact of nature on the health of human beings. The health sector is among the essential sectors because it directly affects life and livability. Secondly, Seymour's journal dwells into historical debates on the intersection between nature and humans. These debates will inform the thesis of the concluding essay.
ii. Martin, Maris, and Simberloff 
Martin, Maris, & Simberloff agree with Seymour (2016) that the intersection between humans and the environment has reached a critical point. However, Martin et al. were focused on the challenges environmentalists face when they raise the issue of biophysical limits of human action. These limits are in square conflict with modern economies that are centered on growth and technology. Thus, this journal aims to identify the nature of the shifts in the relationship between nature and humans and explore possible paths that might lead to actionable consensus in the future.
Martin et al.'s work are relevant to the construction of this paper in several ways. The paper explores growth paradigms in the society that have led to the neglect of limits. The information is relevant to the paper because it provides a basis and a need for action. Any efforts towards environmental sustainability must include an understanding of the cause of our predicaments. Moreover, the journal articulates the challenges that societies face when addressing environmental issues. Such challenges are clear because almost every aspect of human sectors relies on the environment. Society depends on nature, but nature does not depend on society.
iii. Barca and Bridge
Humans have interacted with the environment since the beginning of time. Basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing can only be attained through interaction with the environment.  The industrial revolution is the second major ecological transition in humankind's history. The journal article by Barca and Bridge discussed how specific aspects of the industrial revolution had an impact on the environment and how they laid the path that has led to the current global crises of climate change and global warming. Thus, this paper intends to use information from this journal to expand on how humans have destroyed nature and how nature is fighting back. The journal focuses on the overreliance on coal & oil, the impact of industrial agriculture, and the exploitation of chemicals in boosting agricultural productivity.
iv. Liao, Louresa , Deschamps, Brezinski, and Venâncio, 2018
As mentioned earlier, the first industrial revolution drastically increased the exploitation of resources, consumption of fuel, and the use of chemicals. Furthermore, this period contributed to the current over-congestion and over-population of urban areas witnessed today. However, since the first industrial revolution, many changes have taken place, including the need for environmental sustainability. Today, modern societies are experiencing the 4th industrial revolution, whose evidence includes the internet and technologies that rely on internet connection. Liao et al. discussed the impact of the 4th industrial revolution in the journal article mentioned above. Information from this journal will expand on the impact of industrialization on the environment with a focus on modern societies and how today's challenges compare to challenges in the preceding industrial revolutions. 
v. Thompson, 2010
  As expected, and as suggested by scientific evidence, the impact of human activities powered by industrialization has vastly affected the environment. While environmentalists continue to champion for increased awareness of environmental issues, there are people in modern societies who disagree. Thompson (2010) discusses some of the available scientific evidence of this argument. Information from Thompson's journal article will boost the veracity of this article by providing scientific evidence that will bolster the argument that the intersection between humans and nature has reached a critical point, and the world must be ready to have the conversation. Efforts are already underway towards environmental sustainability, but Thompson argues that more can be done, primarily through education.
vi. Uttekar and Salvi, 2018
The prosperity of any society depends on economic growth. The journal article by Uttekar & Salvi will introduce the concept of environmental economics in this essay. Environmental economics is concerned with how economic activities of consumers and producers affect the environment. Producers are responsible for the emission of carbon and other wastes that pollute and degrade the environment. On the other hand, consumers play a role in excessive consumption and dumping of these products, further leading to environmental problems. Uttekar & Salvi argue that sound environmental practices lead to economic prosperity, while poor environmental practices pose a danger to economic development. The level of economic development determined income and, therefore, quality of life. Thus, Uttekar & Salvi's work will expand on Martin et al. (2016)'s work on the expected challenges in resolving human-nature conflict.
vii. Nyhus, 2016
Interaction between humans and nature has brought about conflicts between humans and wild animals. Human society has placed economic importance on wild animals in many folds. First, humans explore wild animals for resources such as food, leather, and décor. On the other hand, there is a need to conserve wild animals for the health of the ecosystem and potential income from tourism. With the increasing population, however, humans are slowly invading spaces initially occupied by wild animals leading to conflicts. Nyhus (2016) dwells on the dynamics of this conflict. Information from the journal will bolster evidence in the essay that will call for action towards mediating the conflict.
viii. Struebig et al., 2018
This essay will articulate human activities that have...