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Life Sciences
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Topic:
Justice Systems
Essay Instructions:
I will need a draft first, bu friday.
The utility of minorities and of immigrants is often framed exclusively in terms of the economic skills they provide, leaving the room for the development of racism and xenophobia. Geniune integration involves more than just the economic contributions of minorities and migrants and their knowledge of the host nation's language and culture. The integration of minorities and of immigrant new communities must also be judged on basis of outcomes involving:measures of their housing education and health(as well as employment)in comparison to the dominant or host community; their social connections with members of the religious, ethic, national or cultural communities with which they identify and with other communities in the host nation as well as with the state's functions and services;and the security and stability necessary for confident engagement in the host society in line with shared ideas of nationhood and citizenship.
Please address this understanding of minority and immigrant integration in western post industrial societies using the concepts,analysis and data provided in the all of the following assigned course material. Be sure to consider the implications of the importance of minority integration for the operation of justice agencies.
please use this sources
pamela jackson's :minority group threat, crime and policing
Dr wilson's : the truly disadvantaged
beckett and sasson's : the politics of injustice
The economist:special report migration january 5 2008 pg 1-16
I will also attach some articles that will be used. I need a draft by 3-19-11.
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Topic: Justice Systems
Name:
Course:
Instructor’s Name:
Date:
Abstract
In recent times, experts of criminology in Europe and the US have tirelessly worked to define matters of race, immigration, as well as ethnicity in view of crime and therefore are faced with examining the detention of refugees. Nonetheless, this is a social challenge that calls for deep concerns on policies and practices that violate protection of asylum seekers (Margot et al, 2009).
Introduction
In the contemporary world, criminologists are busy working to establish the significance of crime, social control in regard to culture, punishment, and therefore extending the examining mechanisms that criminal justice machineries are understood. Impacts on community relations in regards to law enforcement programs are the ultimate success of National Fugitive Operations Program. This in return is vital to social integration (Wilson, 1987). The word social integration has received acclaim and use in reference to integration as the concept of society. There is individual and group respect to approach integration since certain perspective groups or individuals exhibit particular levels of integration within the society (Jackson, 2009).
Foremost, there is the incidence of it in the society that also identifies two separate characteristics as the frequency and intensity categories. The frequency class relates to the number of ties within their surroundings that a group or an individual might maintain as well as the number of contacts with others (Margot et al, 2009).On the other side, intensity relates to the nature of relationships and therefore identifies feelings of familiarity and belonging within the contacts. However, research provides that frequency does not importantly coexist with intensity (Wilson, 1987).
Crime
Fear of crime is extensively evident in the manner in which societies integrate. The culture measures work to reexamine tough strategies that reveal erroneous belief in labeling that is detrimental to integration (Welch, 2005). On the other side, this has necessitated creased funding for immigration enforcement in National Fugitive Operations Program (NFOP) (Margot et al, 2009). The work of this organization is vital since it is committed to identifying refugees with criminal records across member states in order to instill justice in the integrated society. In most member states, the organization deploys Fugitive Operations Team (FOTs) that realizes arrests of fugitives. At the beginning of 1990s, matters regarding migration of nationals from developing countries to Member States of the European Union became significant and therefore needed extra concern. The earlier Treaty signed in Amsterdam had shifted affairs of asylum, entry, external border controls and the protection of rights of third country citizens from intergovernmental cooperation to Community policy-making (Jackson, 2009).
In accordance with these observations, organizations dealing with arrests of individual asylum seekers with criminal activity record should design improved protocols that address constitutional and humanitarian concerns amounting from their operations (Margot et al, 2009). Consequently, in a conference held in Tempere in 1999 between the European Council laid out political guiding principle with strong objectives for the formation of a common policy considering immigration. A significant policy was founded with vigorous integration policies that would ensure reasonable handling of third world nationals.
This would grant these immigrants better rights and other obligations similar to those of European Union nationals (Jackson, 2009). Besides, Member States would remain accountable for various issues of significance that abhor respect on economic well being of the migrants as well as formulating and implementing integration policies. However, it is an uphill task both for political and civil society leaders considering the nature of integration policies and the level to which different portions of the society approach it at implementation (Hudson, 2008). This is to mean that the successes of fundamental community immigration policy depend on the level which immigrants experience integration into their nation. In the event of failure to establish an all round and tolerant community that abhors different ethnic groups to live in peace with the host community of which they have become part of, eventual leads discrimination xenophobia and racism and the increase in social exclusion (Jackson, 2009).
Employment
The socio-economic integration of immigrants in the labor market is an indicator to successful l participation. This success also provides proof of factors that encourage or hinder participation that is education and communication ability of both the immigrant and host. Income ability or position is an indicator of a well interactive labor market involvement of immigrants. Furthermore, scales that determine social and economic integration in immigrants is their degree of using social security as well as other related policy instruments. In order to measure integration in society through socio-economic integration, there is need to scale the level of education, employment, income level and social security.
For instance, a considerable number of people at work commonly have contact throughout their daily activities than the time spent with their own family members yet the family tie remains extremely close (Jackson, 2009). This then leads to the next dimension that considers identification. This argues that closer ties tend to be realized the more someone identifies with that particular individual or group. However, the strength of identification does not automatically presuppose frequent or concentrated ties. This is due to the strong identity that migrants portend for their mother country despite the better contacts in their country of residence (Margot et al, 2009).
Education
However, education is a tremendous measure for social justice with which integration can be establishes. For instance, in the assessment that compared ‘non-native born pupils’ to ‘native pupils’ indicators showed that there was high lack of educational prosperity among people of refugee status from the Muslim community than was noted on natives (PISA). Language skills, delinquency and choice of spouse should also be used as indicators to show levels of integration (Margot et al, 2009). .
Legal and political integration
In reference to social indicators, legal and political integration should exist in order to comprehensively deal with individuals on same basis regardless of race, residence just to mention (Jackson, 2009). However, being that social beings react differently depending on their surrounding, it is adept to analyze and distinguish between the different member states and immigrant communities to realize a procedural approach to handle the social issues (Margot et al, 2009). In order to embrace neutralism exhibited through the procedural way of handling groups of individuals within the community, both immigrants and residence. Law and order should be maintained at all times, however, the immigrants should be granted opportunities to be enlightened about the laws and regulations within the foreign country to allow them understand the operations and procedure of having access to information that would lead to proper integration (Beckett and Sasson, 2004).
Since ignorance has got no defense, it is adept to enlighten the immigrants so that when the two groups of individuals argue, they should realize that they belong to same social class despite the difference in family backgrounds, similarities would be realized (Devah 2007). P...
Name:
Course:
Instructor’s Name:
Date:
Abstract
In recent times, experts of criminology in Europe and the US have tirelessly worked to define matters of race, immigration, as well as ethnicity in view of crime and therefore are faced with examining the detention of refugees. Nonetheless, this is a social challenge that calls for deep concerns on policies and practices that violate protection of asylum seekers (Margot et al, 2009).
Introduction
In the contemporary world, criminologists are busy working to establish the significance of crime, social control in regard to culture, punishment, and therefore extending the examining mechanisms that criminal justice machineries are understood. Impacts on community relations in regards to law enforcement programs are the ultimate success of National Fugitive Operations Program. This in return is vital to social integration (Wilson, 1987). The word social integration has received acclaim and use in reference to integration as the concept of society. There is individual and group respect to approach integration since certain perspective groups or individuals exhibit particular levels of integration within the society (Jackson, 2009).
Foremost, there is the incidence of it in the society that also identifies two separate characteristics as the frequency and intensity categories. The frequency class relates to the number of ties within their surroundings that a group or an individual might maintain as well as the number of contacts with others (Margot et al, 2009).On the other side, intensity relates to the nature of relationships and therefore identifies feelings of familiarity and belonging within the contacts. However, research provides that frequency does not importantly coexist with intensity (Wilson, 1987).
Crime
Fear of crime is extensively evident in the manner in which societies integrate. The culture measures work to reexamine tough strategies that reveal erroneous belief in labeling that is detrimental to integration (Welch, 2005). On the other side, this has necessitated creased funding for immigration enforcement in National Fugitive Operations Program (NFOP) (Margot et al, 2009). The work of this organization is vital since it is committed to identifying refugees with criminal records across member states in order to instill justice in the integrated society. In most member states, the organization deploys Fugitive Operations Team (FOTs) that realizes arrests of fugitives. At the beginning of 1990s, matters regarding migration of nationals from developing countries to Member States of the European Union became significant and therefore needed extra concern. The earlier Treaty signed in Amsterdam had shifted affairs of asylum, entry, external border controls and the protection of rights of third country citizens from intergovernmental cooperation to Community policy-making (Jackson, 2009).
In accordance with these observations, organizations dealing with arrests of individual asylum seekers with criminal activity record should design improved protocols that address constitutional and humanitarian concerns amounting from their operations (Margot et al, 2009). Consequently, in a conference held in Tempere in 1999 between the European Council laid out political guiding principle with strong objectives for the formation of a common policy considering immigration. A significant policy was founded with vigorous integration policies that would ensure reasonable handling of third world nationals.
This would grant these immigrants better rights and other obligations similar to those of European Union nationals (Jackson, 2009). Besides, Member States would remain accountable for various issues of significance that abhor respect on economic well being of the migrants as well as formulating and implementing integration policies. However, it is an uphill task both for political and civil society leaders considering the nature of integration policies and the level to which different portions of the society approach it at implementation (Hudson, 2008). This is to mean that the successes of fundamental community immigration policy depend on the level which immigrants experience integration into their nation. In the event of failure to establish an all round and tolerant community that abhors different ethnic groups to live in peace with the host community of which they have become part of, eventual leads discrimination xenophobia and racism and the increase in social exclusion (Jackson, 2009).
Employment
The socio-economic integration of immigrants in the labor market is an indicator to successful l participation. This success also provides proof of factors that encourage or hinder participation that is education and communication ability of both the immigrant and host. Income ability or position is an indicator of a well interactive labor market involvement of immigrants. Furthermore, scales that determine social and economic integration in immigrants is their degree of using social security as well as other related policy instruments. In order to measure integration in society through socio-economic integration, there is need to scale the level of education, employment, income level and social security.
For instance, a considerable number of people at work commonly have contact throughout their daily activities than the time spent with their own family members yet the family tie remains extremely close (Jackson, 2009). This then leads to the next dimension that considers identification. This argues that closer ties tend to be realized the more someone identifies with that particular individual or group. However, the strength of identification does not automatically presuppose frequent or concentrated ties. This is due to the strong identity that migrants portend for their mother country despite the better contacts in their country of residence (Margot et al, 2009).
Education
However, education is a tremendous measure for social justice with which integration can be establishes. For instance, in the assessment that compared ‘non-native born pupils’ to ‘native pupils’ indicators showed that there was high lack of educational prosperity among people of refugee status from the Muslim community than was noted on natives (PISA). Language skills, delinquency and choice of spouse should also be used as indicators to show levels of integration (Margot et al, 2009). .
Legal and political integration
In reference to social indicators, legal and political integration should exist in order to comprehensively deal with individuals on same basis regardless of race, residence just to mention (Jackson, 2009). However, being that social beings react differently depending on their surrounding, it is adept to analyze and distinguish between the different member states and immigrant communities to realize a procedural approach to handle the social issues (Margot et al, 2009). In order to embrace neutralism exhibited through the procedural way of handling groups of individuals within the community, both immigrants and residence. Law and order should be maintained at all times, however, the immigrants should be granted opportunities to be enlightened about the laws and regulations within the foreign country to allow them understand the operations and procedure of having access to information that would lead to proper integration (Beckett and Sasson, 2004).
Since ignorance has got no defense, it is adept to enlighten the immigrants so that when the two groups of individuals argue, they should realize that they belong to same social class despite the difference in family backgrounds, similarities would be realized (Devah 2007). P...
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