Human Organ System

Case Study 2 (Lung Cancer) Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Case Study 2 (Lung Cancer) Cigarette smoking has become a highly explored public health problem due to its consistently increasing rates of morbidity and mortality. Herath et al. (2021) indicate that this practice has life-limiting effects on users, with global projections indicating that up to 7 million fatalities occur annually from smoking alone. Hajdusianek et al. (2021) agree that all tobacco products trigger complex health conditions, including lung cancers, due to the damaging effects of the compounds in these products. Thus, diverse cigarette components affect the respiratory system, leading to disruptions in specific cells or organs, and these damaging impacts extend to other organ systems, including cardiovascular systems. The respiratory system facilitates the body’s physiological intake of oxygen and carbon dioxide exhalation. Haddad and Sharma (2023) indicate its complexity by illustrating the interactions between the diverse organs in this system and their unique roles. For instance, the authors suggest that it comprises the oropharynx, the nose, the trachea, the larynx, and the lungs. Haddad and Sharma (2023) reveal that the trachea splits into two bronchi for each lung, and these parts subdivide into many bronchioles. The system also integrates critical muscles that facilitate breathing, including intercostal and the diaphragm (Haddad & Sharma, 2023). As a result, exposing these respiratory parts to diverse tobacco elements increases the likelihood of their disruption and emergence of morbidities. Research reveals that smoking exposes individuals to numerous compounds with toxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic impacts. According to Hikisz and Jacenik (2023), approximately 90% of the smoke comprises nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The authors report that the other 10% includes amines, ethers, phenolic, N-nitrosamines, and hydrocarbon compounds. A significant proportion of these components have damaging effects on the system, leading to diseases such as cancer. For instance, Hikisz and Jacenik (2023) indicate that acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde represent carcinogens found in tobacco smoke. Other compounds with similar health effects comprise sulfur dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, benzene, and carbon monoxide. Hikisz and Jacenik (2023) add that smokers become exposed to heavy metals that range from toluidine and nickel to lead to mercury. These components have varied adverse consequences on the system. Acrolein emerges as one of the destructive c...