Human Diseases And The Microbiome: The Pathogenesis Of Obesity

Human diseases and the microbiome
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June 22, 2019
Human diseases and the microbiome
Health risks concerns related to Obesity have become universal because of substantial increase of overweight individuals over the previous three decades. Besides environmental exposure, diet, energy expenditures, sleep deprivation and chronic inflammation, Microbiome have received extensive attention over the previous decade due to contribution to obesity (Faming, Z. 2018). The composition of gut microbiota in people suffering from obesity differs from that of lean individuals. Studies claim that bacteria prevalence level is remarkably lower in obese individuals. This proportion increases along with weight reduction as a result of low calorie diet. Therefore, the gut microbiome is a driving force in the pathogenesis of obesity
Various studies have made efforts of explaining the relationship between the hunger and the reward system of the brain. A recent study indicated that people at risk of adding extra weight have higher level of Ghrelin hormones produced in the gut. This hormone convince them that they are still hungry even after eating even though their reward systems acts different (Lambert, C. 2015). Reward system of obese individuals respond less strongly to food which could promote them to seek out even more each time. Therefore, it is correct to state that the reward system of the brain responds differently when an individual sees food.
The impact of gut microbiota on organs play a crucial role to promote the development of obesity. In various body tissues, gut microbiota obesity have the ability to drain energy from the diet and stimulate gene programming in the intestines. Additionally, obesity related to gut microbiota decreases the intestinal barriers and alters normal functioning of immune homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiome has dysbiotic elements that cause subsequent increase in gut permeability to bacter...