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Subject:
Life Sciences
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Genetically Modified Organisms

Essay Instructions:

Assignment 2: Gene Technology Gene technology carries with it social and ethical implications—many of which engender personal views and discussion. Select one (1) of the following biotechnology topics to write about:  Genetically modified crop plants  Genetically modified microorganisms  Genetically modified animals  Personal genomics and / or personalized medicine for humans  Gene therapy Write a four to six (4 to 6) page paper on your chosen topic. Organize your paper into sections corresponding to the following requirements: 1. Biological basis. Describe the technology. Discuss what it accomplishes. Elaborate on the scientific principles that make this technology possible. Your goal in this section of the paper is to show the instructor that you understand the underlying science behind the technology. Describe how exactly the technology works. Discuss the biological principles that underlie this technology. 2. Social and ethical implications. Without disclosing your personal view about this technology, provide an analysis of its social and ethical implications. State the ethical concerns apparent in the use of this technology. Discuss the benefits and risks. Your goal in this section is to look at all sides of the issue. In the next section, you will give your opinion. 3. Personal viewpoint. In the previous section, your goal was to be as objective as possible, to look at all sides of the issues. In this section, your goals are to give a personal opinion about the technology and provide a justification of that opinion. 4. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment, in addition to the course text. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. The body of the paper must have in-text citations that correspond to the references. Integrate all sources into your paper using proper techniques of quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing, along with proper use of in-text citations to credit your sources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:  Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.  Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:  Examine DNA structure, and function, gene expression, and control.  Discuss the various applications of genomics and biotechnology.  Use technology and information resources to research issues in biology.  Write clearly and concisely about biology using proper writing mechanics.

Essay Sample Content Preview:
Gene Technology Name University Date Genetically Modified Organisms Biological basis underlying science behind the technology Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) refers to organisms whose genetic material has been changed using genetic modification methods. GMOs supply genetically modified foods and have been widely used in research and to produce goods other than food. Examples may include plants that have been modified for pest resistance; lab animals manipulated to display human illnesses, such as sickle cell anemia; and even genes from a glowing jellyfish put in rabbit for an art piece (Altieri & Rosset, 2009). In genetic engineering, geneticists take out one or more genes from the genetic makeup of another organism, such as a bacteria, virus, or animal, and attach them onto the genetic makeup the organism they want to change. By adding these new genes, geneticists hope the plant will express the qualities associated with those genes (Ho& Lim, 2007). In the creation of a GMO, a new combination of genes must made first using enzymes cut and joined to DNA from unrelated sources into one stretch. A parasitic bit of DNA in bacteria that multiplies by itself is used so that the piece can be replicated millions to tens of millions times. The replicas are then brought into the embryos or cells or an organism, such as corn or mouse, so that it can be inserted into the cell's genome. Geneticists may either merge the genes into a vector which then introduce them into the cells or use mechanical means to force the foreign constructs into the cells (Suzuki, 2009). Mechanical means entail injection with a thin glass pipette in the embryos case, or use gene guns to fire tungsten/ gold coated with DNA construct into cells. Electric fields, in the case of electroporation method, could also be used to create pores in the cell membrane for the admittance of the foreign DNA. The gene carriers or vectors are made from bacteria or viruses that are proficient at getting into cells. The construct is merged to the vector, which sneaks it into the cell. Inside the cell, the construct itself or the vector bearing the construct, is slotted into the genome (Altieri & Rosset, 2009). In the selection and identification of the cells that have taken up the introduce, geneticists use antibiotic resistance indicator genes that are sutured adjacent to the genes to be introduced and by doing so only the cells that have been used up the foreign add will live on. In the case of an embryo, the alien construct introduced into the genome of its cells will make it grow into a GMO while in the case of plants; each cell can be stirred to mature into a GM plant, which hypothetically should have the similar foreign addition in every one of its cells (Suzuki, 2009). Basically, GMOs may be created by means of recombinant DNA technology and reproductive cloning. Reproductive cloning technology produces offspring that are genetically similar to the parent through the shifting of the entire donor nucleus into a host egg while Recombinant DNA technology entails the addition of one or more singular genes from one organism one species into of another. Whole-genome replacemen...
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