Leadership Issues and Rule of Law

Leadership Issues and Rule of Law Name Institution Leadership Issues and Rule of Law Question 1 Over the past 50 years, there have been significant changes in police hiring requirements by hiring agencies which have dramatically affected the operations of law enforcement organizations. Traditionally, positions of law enforcement officers have relatively been easy to fill because they often attracted more job applicants than the vacant places (Hilal, Densley, & Jones, 2017). The field attracted more applicants because the law enforcement career field was associated with promotional opportunities, a stable working environment, as well as a positive career image. However, in recent years, some of these factors that attracted people have declined with the changing workplace expectations. This trend has resulted in few applicants to careers in law enforcement agencies which are inadequate to fill the available ranks. Most of the US law enforcement organizations are facing the challenge of staff shortages. It was approximated in 2006 that over 80% of law enforcement organizations in the country had some vacant positions that could not be filled (Keenan, 2017). To be able to serve and safeguard people in the community, law enforcement recruiting agencies have changed hiring requirements and methods to ensure that they fill their ranks. The hiring administrators have been forced to do a comprehensive evaluation of internal practices and policies to attract a maximum number of candidates. Researchers have come up with system and environmental factors that have been addressed in providing effective recruitment of police officers. These factors include internal and external issues. The internal factors include concerns within the organizations such as recruitment duties, methods, and the hiring process. On the other hand, the external factors include matters that are out of the direct control of the organization, such as government policies, economic factors, officer salaries, and media influence. Police hiring organizational administrators have been forced to recognize workplace expectations and generational differences to be able to attract millennials (Linos, 2018). Therefore, new recruiting agencies have been forced to change their recruitment strategies which have been tailored to meet the expectations of the applicants and the needs of the law enforcement agencies. During recruitment, administrators of these agencies often support the idea that every officer plays a significant role in achieving the goals of their department. For instance, for most millennial applicants, it is vital for line-level officers to be involved in the process of making decisions within their department. Therefore, they prefer a bottom-up model when solving problems within the department. This approach is attractive to millennial applicants, and it is beneficial to the management of the organization as it creates ownership in the policies hence enabling easy implementation. Additionally, police hiring agencies have changed by highlighting their efforts to ensure that the workplace is family friendly. Unlike in the past when work overshadowed family life, the current generation is more interested in striking a balance between work and family. Hiring agencies have been forced to include sick, leave, and compulsory leave as well as state the relationship between work and families within the police profession (Linos, 2018). The management has also changed as reasonable changes have been made to meet the needs of the employees, particularly those needs that relate to family life. The administrators have become more creative in some areas such as employee scheduling to ensure that there are shift overlaps that have added flexibility in working hours. Question 2 The two significant areas where courts have limited the constitutional rights of the officers due to the nature of their work include doing a search in situations of reasonable suspicion and making an arrest in a probable cause. Reasonable suspicion Reasonable suspicion describes criminal procedure standards that are used in the determination of the legality of police officers decision to carry out a search. When a police officer has stopped an individual, courts need that the officer has either a probable cause to explore or a search warrant and a reasonable suspicion to conduct a search (Chemerinsky, 2016). The factors that provide an officer with the power to search include having a search warrant through the courts, reasonable doubt, ...