CHIN 0007 Introduction to Chinese Civilization and Culture

Chinese Civilization and Culture
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Chinese Civilization and Culture
China started its transition from an aristocratic society earlier before the European countries. From a community in which the social status and the political powers were based on the side of kinship. China was transformed into a meritocracy where the social prestige and the political selection were determined by the written classical examination to establish genuine academic qualifications. Chinese transition was a very fast form of transition compared to that of Europe which took about 3 centuries. Chinese transition was initiated by the interruption of the Mongol conquest from the northern side of china in the 13th century. This later proceeded in the imperial china country while restoring the Chinese native rule in 1368. The creation of the Confucian gentry as the non-aristocratic Chinese class of the elites with the political position and the community collaboration by the use of trial examinations which was produced by the social groups and were used to the end of the twentieth century.
Question 1
The transition of the Chinese involved then use of dynasty songs. Tracing the song back in the history of Chinese, they were marked by the Neo Confucian revival which according to Chinese history remained as part of the community’s custom to the end of the 20th century. The song used to express the prosperity of the Chinese community, promoting peace, and straitening the culture of the Chinese since they were sung by the use of the Chinese language (Chen, 2017). The use of the song at this particular period expressed the glorious period of literary success in the artistic and inventions on various technologies which a great step ion social-economical activities. Agricultural inventions were the very first inventions that dictated the social-economic growth of the country. The invention which aided in the production of Vietnamese rice led to the increase of food in the country. The inventions of several technologies affected the social-political status of the country where the prince started the practice of foot binding out of love of small “lily feet” which was a way of showing transformation among Chinese communities.  
The use of the oldest Chinese dynasties enables the country to shift to new modern technologies without the use of any foreign inventions (Wang, et al 2020). The debates held between the 20th and 21st centuries concerning the modernization of the Chinese communities gave the country a different view in terms of political and social status. The social-economic growth was all initiated by the political leaders at that particular time enabling members of the society to take part in carrying attempts of various inventions to be able to cover their day to day lives. Translation from artistic to meritocratic elites came from the strong social relations among the communities and strong local leadership that promoted all the inventions. The vibrant society and the strong local leadership enabled the growth of the Chinese community diversely than any other community. Separation of the local elite comes as a result of the difference of the local elites which took Chinese at another level.
Question 2
Qing period in the Chinese community is listed as one of a special moment that marked the transition of the Chinese people (Chen et al 2020). The Chinese political leaders during this time experienced many challenges. This came during the arrival and the interaction of many foreigners including the Christian missionary's world rebellions and those who were weakened by their centralized power. Back in the 19th century, the Chinese people were being threatened and suffered from being bullied by western leaders including Britain for example which won the Qing in 2 Opium wars. The interaction between the Chinese emperors and the foreign powers condemned the Qing for being too weak in leadership, being corrupt, and not willing to accept or embrace the change of modernization. Chinese revolution, therefore, is being found between the two regimes wars which were declining with time.
The interaction between the Manchu who came from the Han ethnic community leads to several invasions. They were able to establish militia strongholds where they were able to define the weakening authority of Chinese emperors who were almost being overthrown by the foreign revolutionist (Li et al 2019). The interaction leads to many problems like confrontations and territorial disputes which caused threats between the Ming rulers and the northern Jurchen who by that time were referred to as the Manchu. The Manchus people in 1644 closed the great wall in the southern part of Beijing which was an established city where the foreigners wanted to rule. The Manchu community was assisted by the Ming collaborators and the few peasants who were not satisfied with the Ming financial status.
 During this time the Manchu community took over the leadership of the emperors and started the imposition of the Manchu culture. All the emperors’ courts the militia commanders and the team of the advisory members were taken by the macho community (Chiu, et al 2018). The also went ahead and introduced the use of Manchu language and traditions in china. They forced all Chinese people to adopt the Manchu “queue” which was a male hairstyle that featured a high shaved forehead and long braided ponytail. The Chinese were forced to adopt the culture or face death if by any case they fail to comply. The queue was used as a symbol of Qing oppression. The foreigners at some point used the symbol to show a backward regime that outstayed its acceptance.
The main reason why the cooperation between the communist and the nationalists cooperated was to oppose the many warlords and help in driving the imperialist powers out of the Chinese community. The Chinese leadership led by the le...