You will critically appraise a research design

Research Design Appraisal Student Name Institutional Affiliation Course Code Instructor Date Abstract This paper presents a critical appraisal of two research studies. Part 1 is an appraisal of a paper that uses qualitative design, while part 2 is for one that uses quantitative design. The qualitative study conducted by Smythe et al. explored the interaction between nurses and mental health patients, examining whether relaxing professional boundaries could foster stronger, more trusting relationships. The quantitative study by Almutairi et al. investigated perceptions of critical cultural competence among registered nurses in Canada. The qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach aligned with its aim of understanding the lived experiences and meanings within the nurse-patient relationship. Key strengths of the design included the use of in-depth interviews, a rigorous interpretive analysis, and efforts to ensure trustworthiness. Limitations centred around the small, homogeneous sample and the potential for social desirability bias. The quantitative study utilized a cross-sectional survey design to quantify nurses' perceptions of cultural competence. Strengths included the use of a validated measurement scale and appropriate statistical analyses. Limitations were the low response rate and the potential for selection bias in the sampling. Both studies explore the various aspects of qualitative and quantitative approaches in nursing research. Part 1 Qualitative research (research report from (Smythe et al., 2018) Human behavior is complex to be learned. It keeps on evolving with time, and there is absolutely no middle ground that can be used as a standard yardstick for either. However, researchers use qualitative research to learn. Therefore, it can be defined as an approach to studying social phenomena to understand and interpret individual behaviors, experiences, and perspectives (Tenny et al., 2022). This type of research seeks to explore the meanings, emotions, and contextual factors that shape individual and social realities rather than relying solely on quantifiable data. Characteristics of Qualitative Research Qualitative research is usually focused on extracting meaning from a given phenomenon. It is therefore non-numeric. It is known for its inductive, exploratory nature, emphasis on understanding the participant's perspective, and use of rich, descriptive data collection methods, such as interviews, observations, and document analysis (Tenny et al., 2022). Qualitative researchers often aim to gain a deep, contextualized understanding of complex issues rather than test hypotheses or make broad generalizations. Nursing Issues/Phenomena Suited for Qualitative Research It can be employed in the healthcare/nursing field when investigating nursing issues to ascertain patterns of health behavior and phenomena that are inherently complex, subjective, or difficult to identify. Examples include the patient experience of chronic illness, the impact of organizational culture on nursing practice, and the development of therapeutic nurse-patient relationships (Renjith et al., 2021). Comparison of Three Qualitative Research Methodologies They entail ethnography, which looks into the cultural aspects of a society or a group of people; phenomenology, which concentrates on the life lived by individuals in the past; and grounded theory, which focuses on developing new theories based on data or statistics (Tenny et al., 2022). Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research Different research methods have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the qualitative approach are that it offers a comprehensive report, accommodates individual and cultural differences, and generates new theories and hypotheses. However, it has some shortfalls; it is limited by its lack of generalizability, the potential for researcher bias, and the Hawthorne effect when participants notice they are observed (Tenny et al., 2022). Evaluation of the research journal (Smythe et al., 2018) Purpose of the Study It is a research journal that investigates the interaction between a nurse and a mental health patient. A good relationship between a nurse and a patient is critical for the delivery of healthcare services. While operating in the professional setup, nurses are always pushed outside its confines sometimes, so as to properly handle these patients. So, the researcher's main objective was to explore whether lessening the tight rules on patient-nurse relationships can cultivate a good relationship and foster trust between the patient and the nurse. Appropriateness of the Research Design This study followed the Phenomenology approach of hermeneutics developed by Heidegger, the most common method for qualitative research, which seeks to discover the meanings and lived experiences between mental health support workers and clients (Picton et al., 2017). This format of analysis was multi-faceted and intimate, meeting the study objective of grasping the nature of these relationships by means of intricate analysis of narratives presented by participants. Ethical Considerations Moral consideration is paramount in the field of research. The research needed it, and the relevant institutional review board approved it. Rules and guidelines to protect people's rights and privacy were followed. They also consented to use the information and took measures to protect the participants' anonymity when disseminating our findings. It is always important that the forms used by respondents do not bear any personal identity information that might trace back to them. Sampling and Recruitment The researcher selected 26 mental health support workers and six stakeholders across New Zealand, where the study occurred. The selected individuals allowed the researchers to gather insights from diverse perspectives within the mental health support worker field. Data Collection Methods The researchers collected data in diverse ways, for example, from individuals, two people, and group interviews with the participants. They used open-ended, appreciative inquiry-based questions to elicit stories and reflections on the participants' experiences working with clients. This approach facilitated the collection of rich, detailed data that captured the nuances and complexities of the mental health support worker-client relationships. Data Analysis The data analysis involved the researchers engaging in a hermeneutic, interpretive approach. The procedure encompassed revisiting the transcripts until the entire team agreed on the emerging meanings, rewriting and rewriting until the perceived insight was strengthened, and discovering deeper meanings within the data. It was a very peculiar analytical way of studying. This method was in line with the phenomenological orientation of the study, which made it possible for researchers to share the participants' meanings. Assessment of Rigor 1. Authenticity: The researcher tried to flawlessly represent participants' opinions and experiences, which is shown by citing s...