What is “ethics” according to the textbook? Evaluate the ethical, social and political issues that are raised by information systems and how they are intertwined. Examine why information systems are vulnerable to destruction error and abuse. Analyze the various types of threats including malicious software, hackers and computer crime, internal threats, and software vulnerability. Define customer relationship management (CRM) and assess why customer relationships are important to a business. Examine how CRM systems work and how they can assist organizations to achieve their goals. Define “knowledge management” and determine its role in business. Delineate the stages in the knowledge management value chain.

Management Information System Essay Author’s Name The Institutional Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor Name Assignment Due Date Introduction The information age has a great deal of technology; hence, it is necessary to recognize its ethical ramifications and examine the definitions, overlaps, and boundaries of technology and morality in ethics. As the main communication channel, information systems imply the ethical issues they raise. Besides enough room for expansion, several ethical problems exist, such as privacy and security breaches. This paper emphasizes the critical function of ethics in information systems by illustrating the interplay between social, political, and ethical aspects. Ethics; Ethical, Social, Political Issues & Information System As to the textbook, ethics is the ability of people to distinguish between right and wrong. Information systems technology has to be used because there could be adverse effects. Though innovation has much promise, it is crucial to carefully consider the moral conundrums and possible societal and political ramifications. The development of information technologies has completely thrown off the status quo and jeopardized the current financial institutions, legal rights, and obligations (Laudon, 2020). Equally, both positive and negative people can use information systems as instruments or detectors. For instance, cultural and political ethical problems might arise from information systems’ ability to change power relations and upend the current hierarchy. The growing use of technology in professional and personal spheres presents fresh problems for systems of information and ethics. The concerns are privacy-related since governments and other organizations can gather speech, movement, physical characteristics, and geographic position data. Database and data analysis technology use is so common that data breaches and unapproved profile creation can occur. Data breaches, hacking, and cyber-attacks by anonymous hackers are all prevented by using information system security. Maintaining copyrights and other property rights is difficult in the digital age because of the comprehensive openness for copying and distributing information. Multidimensional in nature, accountability identifies the people or organizations accountable and legally accountable for misconduct, frequently made possible by information technology. A system that ensures information precision, reliability, and consistency is considered superior quality (Herwix et al., 2022). This attribute is essential to guarantee public welfare and individual liberties. An engine that is below standard can lead to errors, bias, and unfairness, diminishing public trust in technology and the system. Using digital technologies, such as promoting equality and providing access, can either reduce or worsen the digital divide. Social justice and equality can only be realized when there is equal access for all individuals and the existing imbalances in these areas are eliminated. Social systems can utilize information technology to modify public interactions, conventions, and attitudes. Nevertheless, it might also give rise to apprehensions over the broader socio-economic impacts of the recently implemented digital technology. Many subjects within science ethics are intricately linked to social and political matters, as discussed. It is essential to adhere to the legal limits regarding cyber security, data protection, and intellectual property rights. Legal instruments are indispensable in this scenario. Corporate responsibility aims to employ information technology morally uprightly and minimize any detriment to individuals or the community (Laudon, 2020). The present piece investigates the notions of developing algorithms with morality in mind, putting laws that encourage the free utilization of data, and accepting accountability for betrayals of confidence. Government control of information technology is accomplished by creating and applying legislation to safeguard the public interest (Herwix et al., 2022). These statutes cover concerns about equal opportunity, security, and privacy. Even so, the issue of coming up with fresh ideas while guaranteeing adherence to regulations is controversial and calls for finding a middle ground between conflicting standards. Public leaders must be held fully responsible for their acts, and ethical standards must be established, which calls for the backing and support of the people. Because of this, the field of ethics in information systems studies looks at moral problems in many different situations. There are a lot of relational links between people, groups, and society as a whole that make up the financial, political, and moral parts of the information systems world. The people, the technology platforms, and the society still involved are all structured in their interactions through these links. They can be brought back with a thorough policy that follows moral and legal rules and considers the complex nature of many social groups and political players. Governments and societies are having difficulty getting used to new ideas that come up quickly in technology. However, for people who use the tools, these effects might be incredibly complicated and challenging to judge in a world with many dimensions. One can deal with the moral, social, and political issues in information systems today by being clear about what to include and what not to include. Information System Vulnerabilities: Threats and Risks IT systems can be lost, broken, or even abused for many reasons, such as being intentionally mean, by accident, or too hard to understand. The control system does not work. It is vital to look closely at the many risks and find problems that could make people question information systems’ safety, security, and dependability. Most issues are brought on by malicious software, sometimes known as malware. Malware is software meant to steal data from computer systems, modify data, or completely wipe data without the required authorization. It is possible for a virus to replicate and also spread from one computer to another through an email attachment or email that is infected with itself. The wounds can spread across networks without the assistance of a human being if they develop independently. There are several risks associated with viruses and worms, one of the most significant of which is the possibility that they will cause failures in data, systems, and networks. The conclusion may be drawn from this is that information systems are in grave danger. Hacking poses a significant risk to information systems since computer systems are vulnerable (Laudon, 2020). These hackers use system weaknesses to access a system, engage in destructive actions, or steal confidential information.  Hackers employ various tactics centered around social engineering offenders, giving the victim their passwords or access credentials against their choice to accomplish their own goals. For their reasons, this is done. Moreover, the hackers are competent in performing a broad spectrum of intricate tasks, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Eventually, these assaults have limited the users’ access to the network because these fake requests have been successful several times. This results from bogus queries sent to the servers that are part of the network (Semlambo et al., 2022). For a variety of reasons, the vulnerability of information systems is increased when criminals commit crimes using computers. Those individuals who participate in illicit activities and use compu...