Chronic Illness and Rehabilitation: Stroke. Health, Medicine, Nursing.

Chronic Illness and Rehabilitation: Stroke
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Abstract
Stroke is a common debilitating and deleterious condition that may often affect older adults. It is common among adults and older adults because it tends to exist with other health conditions that appear to be related to advancing age, including diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Stroke can be lifelong health conditions with increasingly severe symptoms that interfere with activities of daily living, mobility, neurovascular-related problems, and reduced quality of psychosocial well-being. Stroke cannot be managed single-handedly. Instead, it requires a team of well-coordinated stroke rehabilitation and recovery care team committed to offer optimized care in addressing individuals' needs and provide stroke victim with satisfying care from point diagnosis to recovery. Nursing personnel works in conjunction with other professionals to offer collaborative care that improves the quality of life. This paper will focus on stroke among older adults in terms of long term management of this condition.
Chronic Illness and Rehabilitation: Stroke
Stroke represents a cerebrovascular accident marked by the death of some brain cells due to impaired cellular perfusion and oxygenation secondary to vascular rupture or blockage. The blood perfusion and oxygenation disruption lead to a cascade of activities leading to impairment in cognitive, memory, motor, language, and sensory abilities. About 85 % of strokes are ischemic, which refers to those that entail the blockage of vascular pathways, while 15 % are hemorrhagic (Gibbon et al., 2012), which entails blood flow to brain tissue as a result of vessels vascular ruptures. Stroke is one of the diseases that have far-reaching implications on an individual's health well-being. It impairs psychosocial and physiological functioning as well as the ability to do the activities of daily living. Its severity can increase, resulting in long-term effects, including patients requiring supportive and rehabilitative care. Stroke is a leading cause of death in adults and is the most prevalent cause of disability worldwide (Hartford, Lear & Nimmon, 2019). Rehabilitation is a critical component in the management of stroke that involves a clear framework of enabling stroke patients to regain physical, intellectual, psychological, sensory, and social functionality, thereby allowing better recovery outcomes in acute and short and long term cases.
Stroke is a high-burden disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and disabilities. It has broad-based and intertwining risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, high low-density lipoproteins, and high blood measure. There is a similarity in risk factors with those of corona heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Stroke is a condition that often requires rehabilitative care to boost health outcomes and improve the quality of life of the affected person. Recovering from strong is challenging due to the need for prolonged commitment, patience, and hardworking. On many occasions, rehabilitative care has been suggested as a critical intervention in the management of chronic stroke. Timely rehabilitation among stroke patients has significant potential of preventing negative impact on musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immune system, respiratory, and immobility related challenges. Even though they are many guidelines supporting early rehabilitation to improve activities of daily living, there is little data to support these recommendations (Yagi et al., 2017).
Furthermore, the timing regarding the start of rehabilitative exercises and the intensity of training remains a subject of controversy, but several studies recommend the immediate start of rehabilitation exercise after cerebrovascular accident. Several studies show mixed results when the early start of rehabilitation is compared to health outcomes, including the abilities to manage the activities of daily living, with one recent randomized controlled trial showing that early rehabilitation started 24 hours post-cerebrovascular accident is safe and feasible with the associated potential of ensuring walking recovery (Yagi et al., 2017). When it comes to training intensity, there is a weak-moderate relationship between rehabilitation intensity and improvement in activities of daily living, though most of the studies concerning this relationship didn't take into consideration the effect of timing.
The management of stroke demands a well-coordinated and collaborative team of healthcare professionals. Stroke care teams must include trained physicians, mental health specialists, neurologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech-language experts, nurses or palliative care specialists, and dieticians and other that can be involved include pharmacists, case managers, psychologists, vocational therapists, and stroke recovery group liaisons (Hartford, Lear & Nimmon, 2019). These health providers are expected to deliver a range of healthcare services that enhance and support rehabilitative care to ensure function recovery and amelioration of severity .approximately half of stroke survivors are left dependent on other people to accomplish activities of daily living, and at least £3bn annually are spent on meeting direct stroke healthcare costs (Gibbon et al., 2012). This observation demonstrates the magnitude of the problem that nurses have to deal with
Nurses actively engage in interventional approaches to managing stroke. With stroke leading as the primary cause of death and long term disabilities, nurses have expanded responsibilities that entail supporting people with stroke to cope w...