The Prevalence of Diabetes and Obesity in the United States
Choose two research articles published by a scholarly (peer-reviewed) journal on a current issue, controversial or otherwise, in health care in America. Suggested topics may include: a study of vaccinations and autism rates; maternal health; fetal health; elder health; disease-based studies, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease; the increasing rates of Cesarean sections in birth rates; and managed health care in America.
Analyze the articles for content, research methods, focus of the study, target audiences and subjects, and their possible impacts on the future of health care delivery.
Create a chart or table for comparing the two articles.
Write an essay of 750-1,000 words in length explaining:
1.What topic you chose and why (This may have personal significance to you or it may be a topic of particular interest that you have seen in the news)
2.The significance of the two studies
3.The sources of funding and monitoring of subjects or content in the studies
4.Your intended method of comparison
5.The impact of the studies on health care delivery. Were the studies intended to change or influence health care delivery? If so, how? If not, what are the implications to health care delivery?
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Rubric:
Demonstrates integrative comprehension and thoughtful application of academic material to real world situations. Chosen articles are exceptional quality. Articles are timely to the body of research needed in health care. Content of articles are very pertinent to health care. The research presented in the articles will have a major impact on health care. Method of comparison was extremely logical, clear, and creative. Coverage extends beyond what is needed to support subject matter.
FThesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
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Introduction
The prevalence of diabetes has risen to epidemic proportions globally. This has been attributed to population growth, urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, high prevalence of obesity and aging. In 2012, it was estimated that over 371 million people worldwide had diabetes and over 90% of them presented with type 2 diabetes. In the United States alone, the number of Americans presenting with diabetes had gone up from 23.6 million (in 2007) to 25.8 million (in early 2011). Research findings show that there is a rise in the epidemic of type 2 diabetes and has been ranked among the leading causes of premature mortality and morbidity in the contemporary world. This has been attributed mainly due to the macro-vascular as well as micro-vascular complications linked to the disease (Pratley, 2013).
The prevalence of diabetes has taken a rising trend where in 2007; the number of Americans in US diagnosed with the disease reached 17.5 million. The rising number of diabetic cases has resulted in impacting a big cost on the economy of a nation. For instant, as a result of health complications associated with type 2 diabetes, it has been estimated that there is a big burden imposed on the United State’ economy. For instant, in 2007, the estimated cost of diabetes was $174 billion in which $116 billion was spent on excess medical expenditures and the other $58billion was as a result of reduced national productivity. The medical costs linked to treatment of diabetes include $27 billion spent on giving care while treating diabetes, $58 billion spent on treating chronic ailments that are related to diabetes and $31 billion spent on excess general medical costs. In 2012, the estimated economic cost in US was $245billion; where $176 billion was attributed to direct medical cost and the rest ($69 billion) to reduced productivity. The hospital in care for the diabetic patients takes the highest portions of the incurred expenses with 50% of the total cost. The other portion-12% is attributed to diabetes medication and supply. The retail prescriptions used in treating various complications associated with diabetes takes 11% of the total cost. The rest of the percentage- 9% of the total cost is incurred as the diabetic patients visit physician’s office. On average, people suffering from diabetes incur an extra medical expenditure of roughly 2.3 times above that of people with no diabetes. For categories of cost that have been analyzed, approximately $1: $5 health care dollars in the United States is spent taking care of a person who has been diagnosed with diabetes. Approximately $1:$10 health care dollars is accredited to diabetes. Costs that are incurred indirectly include loss due to absenteeism from work ($2.6 billion), reduced productivity for the working population ($20.0 billion), reduced productivity for non working population ($0.8 billion), retrenchment on medical ground due to diabetes incapacitation ($7.9 billion) and lost productivity as a result of early deaths ($26.9 billion) (Zhuo et al, 2013).
Research has connected the prevalence of diabetes with that of obesity. A US study conducted in 2000 showed that the prevalence of diabetes was 7.3 % in a population where prevalence for obesity was 19.8%. According to the study findings, Mississippi recorded the highest rates of diabetic cases (8.8%) and of obesity (24.3%). In contrast, Colorado recorded the lowest rate of obesity (13.8%) while Alaska recorded the lowest rate of diabetic incidences (4.4%). It was also reported that approximately 27% of adults in US did not get engaged in physical activities and 28.2% did not exercise regularly. Other findings were that only 24.4% of the adults in US had vegetables and fruits in their meals five times or more in a day. These behaviors contributed to both obesity and diabetes cases (Mokdad et al, 200 1). Below is a comparison of information on two articles whose subject is on type 2 Diabetes prevalence and management.
The Continuing Epidemics of Obesity and Diabetes in the United States Lifetime Direct Medical Costs of Treating Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic ComplicationsContent:
This article has focused on shedding light on the prevalence of diabetes and obesity in the United States. It goes on to discuss the challenges associated with the disease as well as the benefits associated with early interventions. In addition, the article puts emphasis on the importance of preventive interventions such as managing the body weight through changing life style; bei...