Patient-Centric Healthcare


Patient-Centric Healthcare
Student Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
In patient-centered care, the emphasis should be on the patient. Therefore, integration of the chief health information of the patient is necessary to achieve this. By considering the patient as the center point in care, the implementation, optimization and utilization of health information technology (HIT) should provide for the integrated health care ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "ISBN" : "0746-1739 (Print)\\r0746-1739 (Linking)", "ISSN" : "0746-1739; 0746-1739", "PMID" : "21469488", "abstract" : "We need to consider how the health care system should revolve around the patient, rather than the patient rotating around the hospital. Considering a patient-centric point of view when implementing and optimizing the use of health information technology (HIT) provides new perspectives on the meaning of \"integrated\" health care. ot only do we need to give patients the opportunities to participate as true partners in their health care, we must convince them why this partnership makes sense. We should not be naive and believe all patients want this involvement in their care today and are ready to do all their health care transactions electronically. But considering and using these practices are important steps in the health care reform journey to improve quality and decrease cost. Many patients will benefit by our working with them to demystify the health care experience through patient-centric practices and the use of HIT.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Murphy", "given" : "Judy", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nursing economic$", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "35-37", "title" : "Patient as center of the health care universe: a closer look at patient-centered care.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "29" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ad890857-1b89-4c07-bc05-64a20f29e2bc" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Murphy, 2011).
In achieving the patient based care, the author calls for giving the patients adequate chances to participate in their health care. Besides, the author lays an emphasis on the importance of collaboration with other people more so the health care provider. This is because not all the patients need an involvement in electronic health care technology ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "ISBN" : "0746-1739 (Print)\\r0746-1739 (Linking)", "ISSN" : "0746-1739; 0746-1739", "PMID" : "21469488", "abstract" : "We need to consider how the health care system should revolve around the patient, rather than the patient rotating around the hospital. Considering a patient-centric point of view when implementing and optimizing the use of health information technology (HIT) provides new perspectives on the meaning of \"integrated\" health care. ot only do we need to give patients the opportunities to participate as true partners in their health care, we must convince them why this partnership makes sense. We should not be naive and believe all patients want this involvement in their care today and are ready to do all their health care transactions electronically. But considering and using these practices are important steps in the health care reform journey to improve quality and decrease cost. Many patients will benefit by our working with them to demystify the health care experience through patient-centric practices and the use of HIT.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Murphy", "given" : "Judy", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nursing economic$", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "35-37", "title" : "Patient as center of the health care universe: a closer look at patient-centered care.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "29" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ad890857-1b89-4c07-bc05-64a20f29e2bc" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Murphy, 2011). Nevertheless, considering and utilization of HIS is an important step in the health care reform journey to improve the quality decrease cost ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "ISBN" : "0746-1739 (Print)\\r0746-1739 (Linking)", "ISSN" : "0746-1739; 0746-1739", "PMID" : "21469488", "abstract" : "We need to consider how the health care system should revolve around the patient, rather than the patient rotating around the hospital. Considering a patient-centric point of view when implementing and optimizing the use of health information technology (HIT) provides new perspectives on the meaning of \"integrated\" health care. ot only do we need to give patients the opportunities to participate as true partners in their health care, we must convince them why this partnership makes sense. We should not be naive and believe all patients want this involvement in their care today and are ready to do all their health care transactions electronically. But considering and using these practices are important steps in the health care reform journey to improve quality and decrease cost. Many patients will benefit by our working with them to demystify the health care experience through patient-centric practices and the use of HIT.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Murphy", "given" : "Judy", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nursing economic$", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "35-37", "title" : "Patient as center of the health care universe: a closer look at patient-centered care.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "29" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ad890857-1b89-4c07-bc05-64a20f29e2bc" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Murphy, 2011)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Murphy, 2011). This is likely to accrue benefits to the patients by demystifying the experiences encountered by patient-based care in the use of HIS.
Therefore, the incentives given by the federal government towards EHR is meaningful in stressing the importance of EHR to total patient care. Of the many benefits, it will be promoting the patient-centered care and integration of the family in the care of the patients. Besides, it will customize care to the patient by the use of the electronic system.
In the patient care approach, the value of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) cannot be emphasised. They make the making of the decision-making easy. For instance, they enable the physicians to identify and avoid adverse care events ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.01.005", "ISBN" : "1386-5056", "ISSN" : "13865056", "PMID" : "20149722", "abstract" : "Purpose: To evaluate the functionality of drug safety alerting in hospital computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems by a newly developed comprehensive test. Methods: Comparative evaluation of drug safety alerting quality in 6 different CPOEs used in Dutch hospitals, by means of 29 test items for sensitivity and 19 for specificity in offices of CPOE system vendors. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the complete test, and for the categories \"within-order checks\", \"patient-specific checks\", and \"checks related to laboratory data and new patient conditions\". Qualitative interviews with 16 hospital pharmacists evaluating missing functionality and corresponding pharmacy checks. Results: Sensitivity ranged from 0.38 to 0.79 and specificity from 0.11 to 0.84. The systems achieved the same ranking for sensitivity as for specificity. Within-order checks and patient-specific checks were present in all systems; alert generation or suppression due to laboratory data and new patient conditions was largely absent. Hospital pharmacists unanimously rated checks on contra-indications (absent in 2 CPOEs) and dose regimens less than once a day (absent in 4 CPOEs) as important. Pharmacists' opinions were more divergent for other test items. A variety of pharmacy checks were used, and clinical rules developed, to address missing functionality. Conclusions: Our test revealed widely varying functionality and appeared to be highly discriminative. Basic clinical decision support was partly absent in two CPOEs. Hospital pharmacists did not rate all test items as important and tried to accommodate the lacking functionality by performing additional checks and developing clinical rules. \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wong", "given" : "James", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Huang", "given" : "Hui Ling", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "International Journal of Medical Informatics", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "4", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2010" ] ] }, "page" : "243-251", "title" : "Functionality test for drug safety alerting in computerized physician order entry systems", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "79" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=e36d410a-1843-4082-9e45-2a2cd9fc4418" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Wong & Huang, 2010). An example of CDSS is the computerized physician order entry systems (CPOEs). This method is of great value since it minimises medication errors. For instance wrong dosages, wrong drugs and overlooked side effects. Therefore, reduce the tremendous tragic consequences on the patient and the cost of compensation to the hospital ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.01.005", "ISBN" : "1386-5056", "ISSN" : "13865056", "PMID" : "20149722", "abstract" : "Purpose: To evaluate the functionality of drug safety alerting in hospital computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems by a newly developed comprehensive test. Methods: Comparative evaluation of drug safety alerting quality in 6 different CPOEs used in Dutch hospitals, by means of 29 test items for sensitivity and 19 for specificity in offices of CPOE system vendors. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the complete test, and for the categories \"within-order checks\", \"patient-specific checks\", and \"checks related to laboratory data and new patient conditions\". Qualitative interviews with 16 hospital pharmacists evaluating missing functionality and corresponding pharmacy checks. Results: Sensitivity ranged from 0.38 to 0.79 and specificity from 0.11 to 0.84. The systems achieved the same ranking for sensitivity as for specificity. Within-order checks and patient-specific checks were present in all systems; alert generation or suppression due to laboratory data and new patient conditions was largely absent. Hospital pharmacists unanimously rated checks on contra-indications (absent in 2 CPOEs) and dose regimens less than once a day (absent in 4 CPOEs) as important. Pharmacists' opinions were more divergent for other test items. A variety of pharmacy checks were used, and clinical rules developed, to address missing functionality. Conclusions: Our test revealed widely varying functionality and appeared to be highly discriminative. Basic clinical decision support was partly absent in two CPOEs. Hospital pharmacists did not rate all test items as important and tried to accommodate the lacking functionality by performing additional checks and developing clinical rules. \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wong", "given" : "James", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Huang", "given" : "Hui Ling", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "International Journal of Medical Informatics", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "4", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2010" ] ] }, "page" : "243-251", "title" : "Functionality test for drug safety alerting in computerized physician order entry systems", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "79" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=e36d410a-1843-4082-9e45-2a2cd9fc4418" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Wong & Huang, 2010). Despite the accrued value, there are also many challenges. First is the implementation cost, which is overwhelmingly high for both the hospital and the patient. Secondly, this method requires significant customization. Since this is different for every patient, thus expensive. Finally, culturally some physician resists change. For them, they rely on clinical practice rather than decision-making tools ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.01.005", "ISBN" : "1386-5056", "ISSN" : "13865056", "PMID" : "20149722", "abstract" : "Purpose: To evaluate the functionality of drug safety alerting in hospital computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems by a newly developed comprehensive test. Methods: Comparative evaluation of drug safety alerting quality in 6 different CPOEs used in Dutch hospitals, by means of 29 test items for sensitivity and 19 for specificity in offices of CPOE system vendors. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the complete test, and for the categories \"within-order checks\", \"patient-specific checks\", and \"checks related to laboratory data and new patient conditions\". Qualitative interviews with 16 hospital pharmacists evaluating missing functionality and corresponding pharmacy checks. Results: Sensitivity ranged from 0.38 to 0.79 and specificity from 0.11 to 0.84. The systems achieved the same ranking for sensitivity as for specificity. Within-order checks and patient-specific checks were present in all systems; alert generation or suppression due to laboratory data and new patient conditions was largely absent. Hospital pharmacists unanimously rated checks on contra-indications (absent in 2 CPOEs) and dose regimens less than once a day (absent in 4 CPOEs) as important. Pharmacists' opinions were more divergent for other test items. A variety of pharmacy checks were used, and clinical rules developed, to address missing functionality. Conclusions: Our test revealed widely varying functionality and appeared to be highly discriminative. Basic clinical decision support was partly absent in two CPOEs. Hospital pharmacists did not rate all test items as important and tried to accommodate the lacking functionality by performing additional checks and developing clinical rules. \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wong", "given" : "James", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Huang", "given" : "Hui Ling", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "International Journal of Medical Informatics", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "4", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2010" ] ] }, "page" : "243-251", "title" : "Functionality test for drug safety alerting in computerized physician order entry systems", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "79" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=e36d410a-1843-4082-9e45-2a2cd9fc4418" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Wong & Huang, 2010)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Wong & Huang, 2010).
There are many benefits of linking EHR to other clinical information systems. First, it will save time utilized in information storage and patient care. EHR increases the legibility and time-saving especially for the nurses. Besides, it enables the facilitation of higher order functions, for instance, secondary analysis and audit of routine data and performance management ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.007", "ISBN" : "0749-2081", "ISSN" : "07492081", "PMID" : "21783013", "abstract" : "Objectives: To provide an overview of electronic personal health information technology. Data Sources: Peer reviewed research studies, review articles, and web resources. Conclusion: As technology develops and electronic health records become more common, patients and clinicians are working toward a safer, more personal form of health care delivery. Implications for Nursing Practice: Improving access and input to personal health information is still in its infancy, but with government funding, development of patient health records will continue to grow. Patients are the consumers of health care and are witness to the paradigm shift of access to health information and changes in information communication technology (ICT). For the oncology nurse, the transformation of health care and ICT will require nurses to educate patients and family members on available online resources for self management and health promotion. \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Caligtan", "given" : "Christine A.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dykes", "given" : "Patricia C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Seminars in Oncology Nursing", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "3", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "218-228", "title" : "Electronic health records and personal health records", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "27" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=cbfa67e7-badc-4598-9522-5356db61c334" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011). By saving time, this method increases the efficiency of delivering health care services to the patient. Furthermore, this time saving if for all the patients and health care in general.
Secondly, a combination of EHR with other patient-centered care applications it becomes easy to use. This combination has demonstrated easier usability to the doctors and other medical staff to access the vital information that is necessary for patient care ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.soncn.2011.04.007", "ISBN" : "0749-2081", "ISSN" : "07492081", "PMID" : "21783013", "abstract" : "Objectives: To provide an overview of electronic personal health information technology. Data Sources: Peer reviewed research studies, review articles, and web resources. Conclusion: As technology develops and electronic health records become more common, patients and clinicians are working toward a safer, more personal form of health care delivery. Implications for Nursing Practice: Improving access and input to personal health information is still in its infancy, but with government funding, development of patient health records will continue to grow. Patients are the consumers of health care and are witness to the paradigm shift of access to health information and changes in information communication technology (ICT). For the oncology nurse, the transformation of health care and ICT will require nurses to educate patients and family members on available online resources for self management and health promotion. \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Caligtan", "given" : "Christine A.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dykes", "given" : "Patricia C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Seminars in Oncology Nursing", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "3", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page" : "218-228", "title" : "Electronic health records and personal health records", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "27" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=cbfa67e7-badc-4598-9522-5356db61c334" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Caligtan & Dykes, 2011)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0...