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Disparity in Access to Care and Treatment

Essay Instructions:
Essay #2 You can create/chose the title of the essay 1. Select a specific health condition for which disparity in access to care and treatment has been identified in the IOM report. 2. Consider research evidence that supports or refutes the findings of the report. (See attached bibliography) 3. Discuss those strategies identified by the IOM and others that are likely to be successful in eliminating disparities. 4. List 5 things that the nursing profession can do to eliminate disparities. 5. Discuss one strategy that you can employ in your particular nursing field to address this disparity. References should not be more than 5 years (preferably within 3 years) Page limit: Not to exceed 5 pages. Be sure to use APA format Bibliography Health Disparities 2007-2012 Ramzi G. Salloum, Thomas J. Smith, Gail A. Jensen, Jennifer Elston Lafata Lung Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 February 1. Published in final edited form as: Lung Cancer. 2012 February; 75 (2) : 255–260. Published online 2011 August 3. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.07.005 PMCID: PMC3210900 Kamila A. Alexander, Tiffany Dovydaitis, Barbara Beacham, Julia M. Bohinski, Bridgette M. Brawner, Carla P. Clements, Janine S. Everett, Melissa M. Gomes, Holly Harner, Catherine C. McDonald, Esther Pinkston, Marilyn S. Sommers J Nurs Educ. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 October 1. Published in final edited form as: J Nurs Educ. 2011 October; 50 (10) : 569–574. Published online 2011 June 30. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20110630-05 PMCID: PMC3242005 Recruitment and Retention Strategies for Minority or Poor Clinical Research Participants: Lessons From the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span Study Ngozi Ejiogu, Jennifer H. Norbeck, Marc A. Mason, Bridget C. Cromwell, Alan B. Zonderman, Michele K. Evans Gerontologist. 2011 June; 51(suppl_1): S33–S45. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr027 PMCID: PMC3092978 Linda Tickle-Degnen, Leslie A. Zebrowitz, Hui-ing Ma Soc Sci Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 July 1. Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2011 July; 73 (1) : 95–102. Published online 2011 May 25. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.008 PMCID: PMC3142938 Racial disparity in access to cardiac intensive care over 20 years Tetyana P. Shippee, Kenneth F. Ferraro, Roland J. Thorpe Ethn Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 July 27. Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2011 April; 16 (2) : 145–165. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2010.544292 PMCID: PMC3144756 Monitoring access to out-of-hours care services in Scotland – a review Sylvia Godden, Simon Hilton, Allyson M Pollock J R Soc Med. 2011 April; 104(4): 162–172. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2011.100249 PMCID: PMC3078609 The essence of governance in health development Joses Muthuri Kirigia, Doris Gatwiri Kirigia Int Arch Med. 2011; 4: 11. Published online 2011 March 28. doi: 10.1186/1755-7682-4-11 PMCID: PMC3072323 Ms. Katie Crenshaw, Dr. Richard M. Shewchuk, Dr. Haiyan Qu, Dr. Lisa J. Staton, Dr. Judy Ann Bigby, Dr. Thomas K. Houston, Dr. Jeroan Allison, Dr. Carlos A. Estrada Ms. Acad Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 March 1. Published in final edited form as: Acad Med. 2011 March; 86 (3) : 333–341. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182087314 PMCID: PMC3046368 Provision of acute stroke care and associated factors in a multiethnic population: prospective study with the South London Stroke Register Juliet Addo, Ajay Bhalla, Siobhan Crichton, Anthony G Rudd, Christopher McKevitt, Charles D A Wolfe BMJ. 2011; 342: d744. Published online 2011 February 24. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d744 PMCID: PMC3044771 Sarah Muni, Ruth A. Engelberg, Patsy D. Treece, Danae Dotolo, J. Randall Curtis Chest. 2011 May; 139(5): 1025–1033. Published online 2011 February 3. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-3011 PMCID: PMC3198381 Vargas PA, Robles E, Harris J, Radford P. Using information technology to reduce asthma disparities in underserved populations: a pilot study. J Asthma. 2010 Oct;47(8):889-94. PubMed PMID: 20846082; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3007599. Jang Y, Chiriboga DA, Allen JY, Kwak J, Haley WE. Willingness of older Korean-American adults to use hospice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Feb;58(2):352-6. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PubMed PMID: 20374409; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2852887. Wilkerson L, Fung CC, May W, Elliott D. Assessing patient-centered care: one approach to health disparities education. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 May;25 Suppl 2:S86-90. PubMed PMID: 20352499; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2847105. White RO, DeWalt DA, Malone RM, Osborn CY, Pignone MP, Rothman RL. Leveling the field: addressing health disparities through diabetes disease management. Am J Manag Care. 2010 Jan;16(1):42-8. PubMed PMID: 20148604; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2914617. Hicks PC, Bublitz Emsermann C, Westfall JM, Parnes B. Comparison of HTN management in patients with diabetes between rural and urban primary care clinics in Northeastern Colorado - a report from SNOCAP. Rural Remote Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;10(1):1279. Epub 2010 Feb 12. PubMed PMID: 20148599. Sorkin DH, Ngo-Metzger Q, De Alba I. Racial/ethnic discrimination in health care: impact on perceived quality of care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 May;25(5):390-6. Epub 2010 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 20146022; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2855001. Raine R, Wong W, Scholes S, Ashton C, Obichere A, Ambler G. Social variations in access to hospital care for patients with colorectal, breast, and lung cancer between 1999 and 2006: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics. BMJ. 2010 Jan 14;340:b5479. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b5479. PubMed PMID: 20075152; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2806941. Concannon TW, Griffith JL, Kent DM, Normand SL, Newhouse JP, Atkins J, Beshansky JR, Selker HP. Elapsed time in emergency medical services for patients with cardiac complaints: are some patients at greater risk for delay? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009 Jan;2(1):9-15. Epub 2009 Jan 13. PubMed PMID: 20031807; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2801899. Mwilambwe A, Wittich W, Freeman EE. Disparities in awareness and use of low-vision rehabilitation. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;44(6):686-91. PubMed PMID: 20029488. Rosal MC, White MJ, Restrepo A, Olendzki B, Scavron J, Sinagra E, Ockene IS, Thompson M, Lemon SC, Candib LM, Reed G. Design and methods for a randomized clinical trial of a diabetes self-management intervention for low-income Latinos: Latinos en Control. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009 Dec 9;9:81. PubMed PMID: 20003208; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2800841. Flores G, Bridon C, Torres S, Perez R, Walter T, Brotanek J, Lin H, Tomany-Korman S. Improving asthma outcomes in minority children: a randomized, controlled trial of parent mentors. Pediatrics. 2009 Dec;124(6):1522-32. PubMed PMID: 19948624. Perez D, Ang A, Vega WA. Effects of health insurance on perceived quality of care among Latinos in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Nov;24 Suppl 3:555-60. PubMed PMID: 19842006; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2764040. Perez D, Sribney WM, Rodríguez MA. Perceived discrimination and self-reported quality of care among Latinos in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Nov;24 Suppl 3:548-54. PubMed PMID: 19842005; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2764042. Alegría M, Sribney W, Perez D, Laderman M, Keefe K. The role of patient activation on patient-provider communication and quality of care for US and foreign born Latino patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Nov;24 Suppl 3:534-41. PubMed PMID: 19842003; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2764038. Rodríguez MA, Bustamante AV, Ang A. Perceived quality of care, receipt of preventive care, and usual source of health care among undocumented and other Latinos. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Nov;24 Suppl 3:508-13. PubMed PMID: 19841999; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2764043. Ngo VK, Asarnow JR, Lange J, Jaycox LH, Rea MM, Landon C, Tang L, Miranda J. Outcomes for youths from racial-ethnic minority groups in a quality improvement intervention for depression treatment. Psychiatr Serv. 2009 Oct;60(10):1357-64. PubMed PMID: 19797376. Taylor VM, Yasui Y, Nguyen TT, Woodall E, Do HH, Acorda E, Li L, Choe J, Jackson JC. Pap smear receipt among Vietnamese immigrants: the importance of health care factors. Ethn Health. 2009 Dec;14(6):575-89. PubMed PMID: 19626504; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2788032. Haaland DA, Cohen DR, Kennedy CC, Khalidi NA, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A. Closing the osteoporosis care gap: increased osteoporosis awareness among geriatrics and rehabilitation teams. BMC Geriatr. 2009 Jul 14;9:28. PubMed PMID: 19602246; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2731027. Cené CW, Roter D, Carson KA, Miller ER 3rd, Cooper LA. The effect of patient race and blood pressure control on patient-physician communication. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Sep;24(9):1057-64. Epub 2009 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 19575270; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2726885. Roblin DW, Houston TK 2nd, Allison JJ, Joski PJ, Becker ER. Disparities in use of a personal health record in a managed care organization. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):683-9. Epub 2009 Jun 30. PubMed PMID: 19567790; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2744719. Kupfer DJ, Axelson DA, Birmaher B, Brown C, Curet DE, Fagiolini A, Frank E, Friedman ES, Grochocinski VJ, Houck PR, Kilbourne AM, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Reynolds CF 3rd, Stofko MG, Swartz HA, Thase ME, Turkin SR, Whyte EM. Bipolar disorder center for Pennsylvanians: implementing an effectiveness trial to improve treatment for at-risk patients. Psychiatr Serv. 2009 Jul;60(7):888-97. PubMed PMID: 19564218. Mau MK, Asao K, Efird J, Saito E, Ratner R, Hafi M, Seto T. Risk factors associated with methamphetamine use and heart failure among native Hawaiians and other Pacific Island peoples. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):45-52. Epub 2009 Apr 8. PubMed PMID: 19436660; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2672449. Kutob RM, Senf JH, Harris JM Jr. Teaching culturally effective diabetes care: results of a randomized controlled trial. Fam Med. 2009 Mar;41(3):167-74. PubMed PMID: 19259838. Varkey AB, Manwell LB, Williams ES, Ibrahim SA, Brown RL, Bobula JA, Horner-Ibler BA, Schwartz MD, Konrad TR, Wiltshire JC, Linzer M; MEMO Investigators. Separate and unequal: clinics where minority and nonminority patients receive primary care. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Feb 9;169(3):243-50. PubMed PMID: 19204215. Nunn ME, Dietrich T, Singh HK, Henshaw MM, Kressin NR. Prevalence of early childhood caries among very young urban Boston children compared with US children. J Public Health Dent. 2009 Summer;69(3):156-62. PubMed PMID: 19192100; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2814600. Smith AW, Alfano CM, Reeve BB, Irwin ML, Bernstein L, Baumgartner K, Bowen D, McTiernan A, Ballard-Barbash R. Race/ethnicity, physical activity, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Feb;18(2):656-63. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PubMed PMID: 19190157. Chandra D, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr. Race/Ethnicity differences in the inpatient management of acute asthma in the United States. Chest. 2009 Jun;135(6):1527-34. Epub 2009 Feb 2. PubMed PMID: 19188553. Nahon S, Lahmek P, Macaigne G, Faurel JP, Sass C, Howaizi M, Fleury A, Baju A, Locher C, Barjonet G, Saillant G, Moulin JJ, Poupardin C. Socioeconomic deprivation does not influence the severity of Crohn's disease: Results of a prospective multicenter study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Apr;15(4):594-8. PubMed PMID: 19085998. Grubbs V, Gregorich SE, Perez-Stable EJ, Hsu CY. Health literacy and access to kidney transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jan;4(1):195-200. Epub 2008 Dec 3. PubMed PMID: 19056617; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2615704. Nante N, Messina G, Cecchini M, Bertetto O, Moirano F, McKee M. Sex differences in use of interventional cardiology persist after risk adjustment. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Mar;63(3):203-8. 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BMC Public Health. 2007 Oct 29;7:308. PubMed PMID: 17967177; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2238766. Ferrara A, Mangione CM, Kim C, Marrero DG, Curb D, Stevens M, Selby JV; Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes Study Group. Sex disparities in control and treatment of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with diabetes: Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study. Diabetes Care. 2008 Jan;31(1):69-74. Epub 2007 Oct 12. PubMed PMID: 17934157. Popay J, Kowarzik U, Mallinson S, Mackian S, Barker J. Social problems, primary care and pathways to help and support: addressing health inequalities at the individual level. Part II: lay perspectives. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 Nov;61(11):972-7. PubMed PMID: 17933955; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2465618. Popay J, Kowarzik U, Mallinson S, Mackian S, Barker J. Social problems, primary care and pathways to help and support: addressing health inequalities at the individual level. 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Differences in severity-adjusted pediatric hospitalization rates are associated with race/ethnicity. Pediatrics. 2007 Jun;119(6):e1319-24. PubMed PMID: 17545362. Herman WH, Ma Y, Uwaifo G, Haffner S, Kahn SE, Horton ES, Lachin JM, Montez MG, Brenneman T, Barrett-Connor E; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Differences in A1C by race and ethnicity among patients with impaired glucose tolerance in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care. 2007 Oct;30(10):2453-7. Epub 2007 May 29. PubMed PMID: 17536077; PubMed Central PMCID:PMC2373980. Bao Y, Fox SA, Escarce JJ. Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in the discussion of cancer screening: "between-" versus "within-" physician differences. Health Serv Res. 2007 Jun;42(3 Pt 1):950-70. PubMed PMID: 17489898; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1955263. Weng HH, Kaplan RM, Boscardin WJ, Maclean CH, Lee IY, Chen W, Fitzgerald JD. Development of a decision aid to address racial disparities in utilization of knee replacement surgery. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May 15;57(4):568-75. PubMed PMID: 17471558. Jemmott LS, Jemmott JB 3rd, O'Leary A. Effects on sexual risk behavior and STD rate of brief HIV/STD prevention interventions for African American women in primary care settings. Am J Public Health. 2007 Jun;97(6):1034-40. Epub 2007 Apr 26. PubMed PMID: 17463391; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1874197. Kressin NR, Wang F, Long J, Bokhour BG, Orner MB, Rothendler J, Clark C, Reddy S, Kozak W, Kroupa LP, Berlowitz DR. Hypertensive patients' race, health beliefs, process of care, and medication adherence. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Jun;22(6):768-74. Epub 2007 Mar 16. PubMed PMID: 17364243; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2219848. O'Malley AJ, Landon BE, Guadagnoli E. Analyzing multiple informant data from an evaluation of the health disparities collaboratives. Health Serv Res. 2007 Feb;42(1 Pt 1):146-64. PubMed PMID: 17355586; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1955234. Class Notes that will help: http://www(dot)ahrq(dot)gov/qual/nhdr09/nhdr09.pdf http://healthypeople(dot)gov/2020/about/DisparitiesAbout.aspx http://healthypeople(dot)gov/2020/default.aspx http://www(dot)minorityhealth(dot)hhs(dot)gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf http://www(dot)minorityhealth(dot)hhs(dot)gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf Please note that i am a Registered Nurse at Emergency Department. THe following sites might help: Class Notes that will help: http://www(dot)ahrq(dot)gov/qual/nhdr09/nhdr09.pdf http://healthypeople(dot)gov/2020/about/DisparitiesAbout.aspx http://healthypeople(dot)gov/2020/default.aspx http://www(dot)minorityhealth(dot)hhs(dot)gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf http://www(dot)minorityhealth(dot)hhs(dot)gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf Thank you!
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Disparity in access to care and treatment
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Disparities in Access to Care and Treatment
There have been major advances in the medical field resulting in improved and longer healthier lives of people in the United States. However, these benefits brought about by the new developments in disease prevention and treatments have not been enjoyed fully by some group of people due to disparities that exist in accessing health care and treatment. With the context of the USA, this paper discusses the disparity in access to health care and treatment that exists among the minority populations. It also discusses several proposed strategies that can help eliminate the disparity. According to Human and Health Services (HHS), health care disparities are the differences in health care that one group of population experiences while another does not (2010).
The selected health condition for which disparity in access to care and treatment has been identified by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report is Cancer. According to a report by the IOM, African American and Latino populations in the USA receive lower quality cancer healthcare compared to that received by the whites (2002).
The research evidence that supports the report findings
Research conducted by Bao, Fox and Escarce (2007), supports the findings of the report. In their research, they found out that there has been an increase in disparities by income among the minority groups in the USA especially the non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and Asian. The authors of the research call for awareness among the medical personnel of the increasing disparities by patient education in clinical communication on the issue of cancer screening. The authors also call for doctors and medical personnel working in poorer communities to improve on quality of care to people in those areas.
Moreover, the findings of the IOM report are also supported by research conducted by Raine et al. (2010). In their research, they wanted to know how type of hospital admission (emergency or elective) and surgical procedure varied by social stature, income, age, gender, geography, breast and lung cancer. The researchers found that there are higher chances of cancer patients from geographically remote or deprived areas, the old as well as women to be admitted as emergencies. This shows that there are disparities for this kind of patients. To further emphasize on the disparities, they add that cancer patients from deprived regions have a lower chance of receiving the necessary rectal, breast and lung cancer procedures.
Strategies identified by the IOM and others that can help eliminate disparities
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Unequal Treatment report identified several strategies to help eliminate disparities. First is the need to create awareness among the public and health care professionals of the disparity that exists. This is because many of these professionals are not aware of the problem of health disparity. The IOM (2002) indicates that all parties affected have to be informed about the existing disparities, for instance patients and the health care providers.
Secondly, the health systems have to intervene to help eliminate disparities. They can do this by taking the necessary measures to improve access to care, for instance by supporting the use of community health workers and preventive care teams. They can as well collect and monitor data of patients on the access to healthcare and the use of healthcare services by ethnicity or race (IOM, 2002).
According to the Health and Human Services (HSS), there has to be provision of incentives for better quality of healthcare among the minority groups. This strategy will greatly help in improving patient outcomes and establish an equitable healthcare system in the United States (2010).
There should be policy, regulatory and legal strategies at the federal, state as...
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