Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Artery Disease
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Coronary Artery Disease
The heart is a muscle about the same size as adult fist. It beats about 70 times per minute and pumps oxygen rich-blood around the body. After leaving the heart, blood goes to the lungs where it gathers oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the organs throughout the body through arteries and returns to the heart through the vein is called circulation. Coronary arteries are the heart`s own network of blood vessels, they exists on the surface of the heart which supply the heart muscles with oxygen (Khan, 2006).
The greatest percentage of the kind of coronary heart diseases in prevalence values is seen in United State in most leading deaths. Thus the heart being a muscular pump that`s responsible for the function of living processes by moving about 3,000 gallons of blood through the body`s vein, arteries and capillaries because for perfect health, the muscular activities needs enough blood to function properly (Truswell, 2010). However the problem occurs when the cholesterol and fatty deposit levels that are taken, if not controlled to some level may lead to the improper and suffocation of the arteries of the arteries which provide nourishment and supply of nutrients to the heart. Without an adequate supply of blood, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and vital nutrients if needs to work properly.
The Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) happens when one or more arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed, due to building of cholesterol and other materials causing blockage or clogging of the arteries called plague on the inner walls or atherosclerosis whereby artery must be narrowed to less 30% of its original size before they is a serious reduction in blood flow through arteries, as a result muscles cant get the blood and oxygen it needs (Truswell, 2010). This can lead to chest pain, or heart attack which tends to happen when a blood clot suddenly cuts off the heart`s blood supply causing permanent heart damage. Over some time the disease can overweigh heart muscle and consequently contribute to heart failure (arrhythmias) due to changing in normal beating rhythm of the heart due to abnormal artery tone and function (Khan, 2006).
More of, the condition of hardening or cramping of heart artery increase, the narrowed artery may develop new blood vessels that reroute blood flow around the blockage however this cant satisfy the oxygen rich blood to the heart thus referred to as collateral circulation. Moreover, the blocked heart muscles reaches a point where it cannot supply enough oxygen thus the muscles become starved, a condition known as Ischemia. This may lead to chest pain due to extra demand for oxygen during activity or exertion, eating, excitement, stress or exposure to cold. This can even progress without any warning signs and thus referred as "silent Ischemia" which occurs among all people with heart disease and commonly, diabetes (Tamburino, 2007).
Causes of coronary heart diseases.
The endothelium provides a physical barrier between the blood stream and the coronary artery walls. While regulating the function of the artery by releasing chemical signals in response to various stimuli.
Coronary artery disease starts when you are very young, the blood vessel walls begin to show streaks of fat, as old age approaches the fat build up increase causing slight injury to your blood walls. Other substances travelling through blood stream such as inflammatory cell, cellular wastes products, proteins and calcium begin to stick to the vesse...