Biostatistics: Hypothesis Testing. Health, Medicine, Nursing Essay

Biostatistics: Hypothesis Testing
What test statistic did the researchers use?
The use of t test statistic was evident for the two studies utilized in this paper. Kann et al. (2018) study was analyzing the high-risk behaviors’ contribution to morbidity and mortality among the youth and adults in United States. The researchers used the t tests to determine to determine the pairwise correlation and differences between the subpopulations (sex, race, grade, sex of sexual contact and sexual identity). The other study by Kessaram et al. (2016) on alcohol use in the Pacific region with key focus on drinking patterns amongst adults aged 25-64 also utilized he t test. The t tests were used to identify whether the frequency of drinking by sex was a cause for death across twenty Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) using three standardized surveys.
The significance level of the test statistic
Researchers who conducted a survey on the Youth Risk Behavior all used t tests having a p value of <0.05 being statistically significant. For instance, Kann et al. (2018)’s study looked at the health-risk behaviors leading to morbidity and mortality among youth and adults in the U.S. The authors used a logistic regression analysis to estimate the variables and 95% confidence interval for association between variables. In analyzing alcohol use in the Pacific, Kessaram et al. (2016) used a 95% confidence interval to find the correlational between variables with coefficients having a p value of <0.005 being statistically significant.
Were these clearly stated in the article, or did you have to extrapolate based on the background in the article?
Both the null and the alternative hypothesis were noted in the studies, although the authors did not clearly indicate and distinguish between the two. Therefore, although I extrapolated the hypothesis from the article, some vivid leads pointed to where they were to be found.
 The null hypothesis
Health-risk behaviors did not contribute to leading causes of morbidity and mortality among adults and the youth in U.S. (Kann et al., 2018). This implies that health behaiors such as sexual related to unintended STIs and pregnancy, tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy dietary behaviors and physical inactivity did not lead to death.
Alcohol use is not a leading risk factor for injury and disease in PICT (Kessaram et al., 2016). There was no relationship between current drinking, heavy drinking, sex of drinker and region to alcohol use.
The Alt...