Reflection on Digital Culture and International Sanctions and Technology

This assignment is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is a summary of the majors (digital cultrues) I have studied throughout my undergraduate career. I have provided specific questions below. You can refer to the documents I uploaded. The documents I uploaded include some theory and research methods.

The second part is to discuss how to apply the professional content I have learned to case studies, which I have uploaded below.

you can use first person

Aims：

This is an introductory assessment that aims to prepare you for Assessment 2, the Case Study Project.

As interdisciplinarity is firmly based upon knowledge of one’s discipline(s), this first assessment task requests you to:

critically reflect upon the ways in which your discipline produces knowledge, and identify the contribution that your discipline may bring to interdisciplinary work 

In order to assist you with your preparation for this task, specific activities will be included in the workshops.

The assignment consists of two parts, as outlined below.

Part A) Identify and critically reflect upon your discipline (about 800 words)

In this part you will explore the nature of the disciplinary knowledge practices that you bring to the unit. Drawing on readings, lecture materials, workshop experiences as well as your own research, you will identify and critically reflect on the features of your disciplinary knowledge, perspectives, and skills.

Please answer these questions

Here are some questions that you can use as a guide

What is the subject matter of your discipline?

What approach(es) does your discipline adopt to research?

What kind of theoretical frameworks, paradigms, or specific practices tend to prevail in your discipline?

Are there specific methodologies and data that your discipline prefers to employ in conducting research?

Have there been any major recent changes/developments in the way the discipline has unfolded?

Are you aware of any debates and/or divisions existing within your discipline and/or criticism towards your discipline?

Throughout your assignment, try to give some detail (e.g. explain a theory, say how a particular practice is used, or provide an example of a specific development or debate).  You can use the document i upload (“specific dabte&research)

Part B) Apply your disciplinary knowledge (about 200 words)

For this part, you will select one of the case studies available in the unit.* (Do not forget to name the case study that you select.)

Consider how your disciplinary perspectives, as discussed in the first part, can help you contribute to addressing one of the driving questions set for this case study. For example, what theory or methodology from your discipline could be helpful to address the question and why? Or, what type of data would you employ to address the problem and why would it be helpful? Or, what kinds of proposals and/or strategy/ies could your discipline provide to address the problem (e.g. introduction of a particular policy,  dedicated services, specific infrastructures)?

You can use the document i uploaded like “interview”

Case Study 10: International Sanctions and Technology

The first two decades of the 21st century saw a dramatic increase in the use of sanctions as a diplomatic tool to coerce target states into changing their behavior without recourse to military force. The United Nations' sanction regimes currently target over a dozen states – a number compounded by the sanctions unilaterally levied by individual countries such as the United States (29 countries targeted) and Australia (4 countries). Once limited to the niche of military hardware, the range of technologies now potentially subject to sanctions has considerably widened, as consumer products embed ever more sophisticated hardware and software. Technology has also been the cause behind recent sanctions, as in the case of North Korea's satellite launches or the Chinese technology firm Huawei.

Sanctions are often presented as a peaceful way to punish human-rights violations or threats to global security. Yet they also have unintended consequences. Essential medical equipment such as hypodermic needles and wheelchairs are prohibited from being imported into North Korea by UN sanctions. In July 2019, thousands of Iranian open source developers lost access to their code after the popular development platform Github blocked their accounts in order to comply with US sanctions on Iran. The issues are rarely clear-cut as technologies often have multiple uses. The same cryptocurrencies that allow Venezuelan citizens to hedge against hyperinflation are also accused of facilitating money laundering and corruption at the state level.

This case study invites students to explore the contested geopolitics of international sanctions as they pertain to technology. It will challenge them to try to understand the positions of the different actors involved, and to think about the power relations behind labels such as "international community", "rogue states" or "dual use".

 Possible driving questions

this job is very special. You need to pretend that you are the one studying digital culture.

Please read the instruction carefully

thanks

I am overall very satisfied with this paper. I think you really read all the documents I uploaded.

But there are still two shortcomings, I hope you can modify it according to my requirements.