Organizational structure, globalization, supply chain and supply chain management

Organizational Structure, Globalization, Supply Chain, and Supply Chain Management
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Institution  
Organizational Structure, Globalization, Supply Chain, and Supply Chain Management
Section A
Organization and Organizational Structure
An organization refers to a group of people or entities who come together for a common goal. It comprises of a well laid down framework of dedicated responsibilities to personnel who execute them intending to achieve the set goals of a business. The management of various organizations tries to combine all the factors available including land, labor, capital as well as machinery, and direct it towards the common good of the organization. An organizational structure, on the other hand, defines the levels of leadership within an organization. It lays out the responsibilities of each person within an organization and gives a clear break down of how an organization runs and the plans in store for future activities aimed at improving the organization. (Ahmady et al, 2016).A good structure ensures that communication channels are open in all possible avenues to ensure every concern is addressed adequately. For example, all levels of the organization need to be regularly briefed on emerging issues. The management also needs to know what concerns the junior employees might have (Tolbert & Hall, 2015). Secondly, a perfect organizational structure provides for transparent reporting relationships within the organization. This is very important, especially is assigning responsibilities and, at the same time, let different employees know who they are reporting to. 
A good structure gives room for an organization’s growth, development, and expansion. This means that the adopted structure should use their resources well by adopting a perfect management structure. This means that a tremendous organizational structure ensures that an organization has the right resources, including human resources (Tolbert & Hall, 2015). Another importance is that of meeting the needs of the organization. Various companies have various needs that are efficiently met satisfactorily by different kinds of structures. For example, there is large staff in a video production organization (Tolbert & Hall, 2015).
Divisional and Matrix Organizational Structures
Divisional Structure
This kind of structure groups employees in sections to handle specific products, markets, or services. The divisions have their freedom and independence in terms of departments, employees, market research, among others. This kind of structure is widespread in companies operating chain stores situated in different towns and even countries (Fairfield 2016). An example of a company operating this structure is Samsung which has departments dealing with electronics and another one dealing with smart phones.Other characteristics is that employees specialize in products, there is defined functions under each division as well as clustered decision making.
Advantages
Groups are perfect because the employees concentrate on one field of operation, making them deliver their best. Controlled independence that a division enjoys adds more morale to employees, adding even more to the output (Fairfield 2016). Another one is that workers within a division have higher morale for work and more knowledge for the work they do. This is achieved by achieving a common practice that is built within the division (Fairfield 2016).
Disadvantages
Different divisions, especially those competing, might bring about unhealthy competition. This, in the long run, might affect the division of resources within the mother company and bring drawbacks (Fairfield 2016). Divisions also can result in a situation where products from different divisions are not compatible. This might be brought about by the independence that is accorded to each division (Fairfield 2016).
Matrix Organizational Structure
The matrix structure is one of the complex and complicated structures of organizations available, which are hard in their implementation. It is a structure in which the employees have two reporting relationships, both to a product manager as well as a functional manager (Burton et al., 2015). An example is the Dutch technology company Philips. Its headquarters is in Amsterdam.Other characteristics are flexibility in use of human resources, job satisfaction, and delayed decision making.
Advantages 
It gives room for a creation of project structures that are large scale but efficient that incorporates many members of the organization. It does not do away with the structure in that process. Secondly, it gives room for the sharing of resources among the different matrix without any boundary wars. Team spirit is also realized in the matrix structure. This leads to increased morale and hence an advantage. There is also an efficient use of the available and limited resources (Burton et al., 2015).
Disadvantages
There is a rise in confusion due to the complexity of the structure. This is because some members might be torn between whom they should depend on for directions among the many project leaders. Another one is that there is a possibility of conflicting management directions given. Leaders might confuse the employees when they give directives that are conflicting hence a setback. Where two structures are required to solve a problem, there might occur slowdowns. It is always hectic for many entities to try and give a solution because each wants their way followed (Burton et al., 2015).
Why Organizational Structures Differ
Different organizations deal with different products and services. This means that they serve different markets too. Different markets have different needs, which are best served in different ways. This is the main reason why different organizations have different structures. Companies that serve a fuller area and have different branches located in various towns or even countries have primarily adopted the divisional organizational structure. A company that is dealing with software development will adopt a more interactive structure that will maximize relationship reporting. Therefore, a kind of structure that an organization adopts will depend on what kind of services they offer, which gives the reason as to why there are different kinds of structures. 
Section B
Globalization
The world is increasingly getting interconnected by both trading activities and cultural exchanges. This is globalization. It is the free movement of various goods and services across the borders of different countries. Many trading activities can now be sealed through the internet, making the world look like a small village. Many firms are now operating international with branches and, in many countries hence are now multinational corporations (Zhou 2016).
Globalization has been promoted by different drivers that have made it possible for the interconnectedness of the whole world. Exports and imports are the first ones, and they have contributed a lot to globalizing trade. Imports refer to goods that enter a country while exports are those goods and services that leave a country. This has led to globalization because many deals different countries have to regularly enter into deals when importing or exporting goods and services. Deals and agreements have to be signed, and this brings the participating countries close in terms of trade ties, yet they are miles apart geographically (Zhou 2016).Technology has also aided globalization. New technol...