Racial Prejudice and Cognitive Impairment: research article summary

Essay Instructions:

This is psychology research article summary. the purpose of this assignment is to provide practice reading and interpreting research articles. This essay is a summary of the article \"Cognitive costs of exposure to racial prejudice\" by Salvatore and Shelton. The summary should be double-spaced 12 points.The summary must be written in Essay style( Not in APA research article style). But References should be cited according to APAstyle and a reference section must be included on an additional page. At the beginning of tour essay should refer to the article that summarizing and provide a proper citation. essay will not need to provide a citation each time you mention the article or authors( it is acceptable to write things such as "this paper",the authors\", this study", etc) This assignment has given required points and research article. Instruction: This essay is a summary of the article “Cognitive costs of exposure to racial prejudice” by Salvatore and Shelton. This summary should be approximately four pages (2.5 cm margins) of double-spaced 12 point type (use a serif font such as Times New Roman) Essay style (not in APA research article style). The four pages of text should be preceded by a cover page. It is important appropriate citations are made for all facts and ideas (Do not quote! Present ideas and facts in your own words and cite the original source). References should be cited according to APA style and a reference section must be included on an additional page (in addition to the 4 pages of the essay and the cover page). It is not necessary to use the 'as cited in' style when referencing the background articles cited by Salvatore and Shelton (just use regular APA style citations). At the beginning of your essay you should refer to the article you are summarizing and provide a proper citation. In the remainder of the paper you will not need to provide a citation each time you mention the article or authors (it is acceptable to write things such as, 'this paper', ‘the authors', 'this study', etc.). Article: Salvatore, J., and Shelton, J.N. (2007). Cognitive costs of exposure to racial prejudice. Psychological Science, 18, 810-815. Essay must contain the below require points. Required Points: 1) Provide a brief summary of the prior research that the authors describe in the introduction of the article. For example, how are White Americans' experiences with prejudice different from ethnic minorities' experiences? What is the explanation for the impairment of cognitive functioning in response to different forms of prejudice? Provide appropriate citations for your statements (we will cover citations in lecture). This section should provide the background necessary for the reader to understand the logic underlying the experimental hypotheses. 2) What are the authors' hypotheses (predictions)? (Consult the section “Overview of this study”). 3) Discus and describe the research design: - What was the dependent variable (conceptual definition) and how was it measured (operational definition)? - There were two main independent variables in this study (the variables directly mentioned in the hypothesis). One was manipulated by the experimenters and one reflects naturally occurring groups(a pseudo-independent variable). What were the levels of these variables (what values/groups were studied)? - Briefly describe the experimental procedure (e.g., what were the research participants required to do?). How were the levels of the manipulated variable established in by the experimental procedure? - You should make it clear that you understand the relationship between the experimental design and the research hypotheses. 4) Consult Figure 1 and explain the major finding reported by the authors (this figure depicts the average values for the dependent variable for the different levels of the independent variable). Did the results support the predictions stated in the “Overview” (Point 2)? Also, how was cognitive functioning affected by the race of the fictitious job applicant/HR officer (not shown in the figure – discussed in the results section)? 5) In the discussion, the authors suggested that the findings of their study have important implications for cognitive functioning in minority groups. Discuss the implications of this study from your point of view.

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Racial Prejudice and Cognitive Impairment
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RACIAL PREJUDICE AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Throughout the past century, American society has made massive steps in endorsing equality and diminishing prejudice among different racial and ethnic minority groups. However, the Americans experience with prejudice is quite different from those of ethnic communities (Salvatore & Shelton 2007). Therefore, according to this paper, there are two main independent variables identified that shapes an individuals’ managing ability, which then determines his cognitive disruption following an encounter illustrated by prejudice. Moreover, it suggests that there is group level variation with members of the privileged and disadvantaged groups in their experiences with prejudice.
Whites do not think of themselves as possible targets of prejudice. They are however less mindful of stigma than the blacks. Whites are therefore relatively insensitive to slight cues of prejudice regardless of the targeted race. Therefore, there is a calculation that whites would not experience cognitive disruption after they are exposed to vague prejudice. It is rather expected that whites, in contrast to blacks, would undergo through substantial disruption when exposed to blatant prejudice. This is mainly because explicit racism is reasonably uncommon and the whites are not inclined into developing the coping skills that would shield them from cognitive disruption in such situations (Salvatore & Shelton 2007).
The authors set forth a study to observe diminution in cognitive resources emanating from exposure to racial-prejudice cues. They assessed cognitive impairment on both the white and the black subjects. Their predictions were that higher-level cognitive task would be worn-out on special circumstances for both white and black individuals. It was expected that the blacks’ Stroop performance would become poorer in the ambiguous-prejudice condition than in the blatant-prejudice condition since they would be strained to wrestle with attribution improbability in the previous situation. In disparity, the whites were expected to unlikely register the uncertain cues as potential pointers of prejudice. It was rather projected their Stroop performance be impaired in the blatant-prejudice condition because they would be impossible to encounter prejudice in a professional setting and would hence not have strategies to cope with it.
The research was carried out and it included two hundred fifty-five undergraduate students from Princeton University, who in this case are an independent variable. They have been selected by the researchers to establish their relationship to the research factor. The students each took part in the study and were rewarded with either payment or partial credit towards a certain course. Due to procedural error during the research, five subjects were excluded. The subjects received a description in the form of a letter from the Human Resource manager asking them to help in deciding whether to change the way the company made hiring decisions. The subjects later learned that their task was to help the company decide whether it should implement a new procedure in which human-resources officers would make joint employment decisions rather than unaccompanied decisions. Subjects were assigned to single officer condition where they each received a job report, a résumé´ file and an evaluation sheet for each of the four professed candidates. They rated each candidate’s level of qualification and hire ability. All candidates finished this task on a computer and were later debriefed.
The candidates in this study can also be considered as an independent variable (a pseudo independent variable) as well as the dependent variable. This is because the experimenter has used them as a major factor to complete his study and as a principal focal point for his research significance. The two main ...

Updated on January 26, 2024

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