Key Terms for Chapter 28

Student Names Course Instructor Date Brown v. Board of Education The “Who” for the Brown v. Board of Education case constituted the plaintiff (Oliver Brown and other parents whose children could not access learning institutions), the Board of Education of Topeka (i.e., the defendant), and attorney Thurgood Marshall, who represented the legal interests of the plaintiffs. In terms of “What”, the case sought to challenge the legal basis of the separate yet equal principle, which was anchored on the Plessy v. Ferguson case. The “When” relates to the decision that was made in 1954. Regarding “Where”, the case originated in Topeka, Kansas, and the final decision was made in the United Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. Lastly, the “Why” in this terminology is that the plaintiffs argues against the institutional segregation in learning institutions, which undermined children’s right to equal opportunities within the Fourteenth Amendment. John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles was an American diplomat, lawyer, and politician. He was a leading figure in the initial years of the Cold War, primarily known for championing the need to contain the Soviet Union's warfare initiatives and the urgent implementation of increasingly aggressive measures against communism. He served as Secretary of State from 1953 to 1959, during the initial years of the Cold War era. His actions had far-reaching global implications, especially within the Middle East. Lastly, it should be noted that Dulle’s foreign policy advocacy efforts were driven by the need to curtail the spread of communism and safeguard the United States’ geopolitical interests. His contributions to improving the United States’ geopolitical standing are felt even today. SPUTNIK Sputnik 1 was developed and launched by the Soviet Union. It was the first artificial satellite, a spherical sphere that had an antenna, radio transmitters, as well as other fundamental tools. The satellite was launched on the 4th of October, 1957. The launch happened in Kazakhstan, which was initially part of the Soviet Union. Lastly, the Soviet Union launched the satellite to demonstrate its technological achievements and its space exploration capabilities, particularly as part of the Cold War space race. Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. can be described as a Baptist minister, political philosopher, and social activist. King was famous for initiating the civil rights movement, which ad...