Actions and Uses of Some Common Types of Drugs

Action and Uses of Common Drugs
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Action and Uses of Common Drugs
Task 4 Scenario 1
* Can Trimethoprim Treat a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
This case scenario is one of a woman in the first trimester of her pregnancy, and she suspects that she has a urinary tract infection. The infection has been confirmed from her urine sample, and the doctor is thinking of prescribing trimethoprim, an antibiotic, for his patient's treatment.
* What Other Condition can Trimethoprim be used for?
Trimethoprim can be used to treat urinary tract infections. It can be prescribed as an antibiotic to heal various types of UTIs, such as cystitis. It comes as a liquid for drinking or a tablet. The drug can also be used to treat bacterial infections by stopping the growth of bacteria.
* Does this Drug have any Side Effects?
The significant side effects of using the trimethoprim include itching, a mild skin rash. These side effects are short-lived or mild. Other side effects include diarrhea, feeling sick, and headache. In these extreme side effects, the patient needs to consult with their doctor or pharmacist for further guidance.
* What Drugs are Suitable to Treat a UTI in Pregnant Women?
The drug is not suitable for expectant mothers as it can harm the unborn baby. The medicine may lower one's folic acid levels hence risking spinal cord defects. A doctor’s guidance in prescription may help the patient intake the appropriate levels of folic acid. Trimethoprim also passes to breast milk, which may not affect the baby, but it is essential to consult the doctor's advice. If a person conceives while taking medicine, it is vital to seek medical counsel.
* Are there Better Drugs that can be used for this Condition in Pregnant Women, and if so, what?
There are, however, other alternative medications that are safe for pregnancy. Nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, and trimethoprim are appropriate alternatives medication during pregnancy (Ghouri, Hollywood, and Kath 2018). These drugs are to be used under strict professional guidance. UTIs are more aggressively managed in pregnant women. It is crucial to carry out related tests to properly determine the correct medication to be prescribed. Pregnant women with recurrent UTIs may need antibiotic prophylaxis.
Task 4 Scenario 2
* What is the Drug Carbamazepine Used to Treat?
The paramedics concluded what happened when Peter was found unresponsive with a bottle of pills containing carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is a drug used to treat epilepsy (Shahzad 2018). The drug is also available in generic form. It comes as a tablet or a liquid for drinking and suppositories. The drug can only be administered to adults or children aged over one-month-old. It is crucial to determine if one has an allergic reaction to the drug or other drugs. Persons with heart conditions cannot take medicine. Also, people with heart conditions or blood disorders cannot take carbamazepine. Epilepsy is a combination of neurological disorders which can lead to the risk of having seizures.
* What is the Recommended Oral Dosage?
When administrating the drug in adults, a low dosage of the tablet Epitol and Tegretol can start from 100mg to 200mg. Patients can take the medication once or twice a day. It is progressed over the weeks to the usual dose. The treatment of epilepsy requires 800mg to a200mg in 1 or 2 quantities. The drug can be taken up to four times a day.
* What is the Maximum Plasma Concentration of Carbamazepine?
The maximum plasma concentration of carbamazepine is six to eight mg/l. Adverse effects can be prevented if peak levels remain below 12mg/l. The therapeutic level of carbamazepine when it is taken by itself is about 4-12 mcg/ml. The results are determined as a percentage of free compared to the level of total Carbamazepine (Trinka et al. 2018). Testing is done to determine the carbamazepine concentration in the blood to determine the best dose and keep up to the therapeutic levels. Testing should be done at regular intervals to monitor the level of carbamazepine. Sample collection should be done when the drug level in the blood is at its lowest before the next dosage is administered. Peek plasma concentration happens after 1-2 hours. It is also about 20-25& of the drug bound to plasma protein.
* What are the Significant Side Effects?
The medicine has some significant side effects which vary across patients (Frickle-Galindo et al. 2018). The side effects of carbamazepine include dizziness, sleepiness, and headaches. They also include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, swollen tongue, dry mouth, loss of coordination and balance, and instability. The long-term side effects of carbamazepine treatment are osteopenia and osteoporosis. An epileptic patient should not take grapefruit juice while taking me...