Methods of Terrorism and International Law

TERRORISM AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
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Question #1: Legal definition of international terrorism
Although the fact that “terrorism” is not a key subject to a universally concluded definition, it is understood broadly as a way of coercion that makes use or threatens to violence utilization intending to spread fear to be able to attain ideological and political desires or targets. However, since back in 1920 the international societies have not been able to give a better criminalize the act of terrorism in international law. According to recent research, contemporary terror violence has been distinguished in law from “ordinary” violence by a classical terror “triangle”. Triangle attack in terrorism works in a unique way where each party aims to attain a certain favor in their position. For instance, x attacks y, to convince w to change its stand concerning a certain action or policy which is desired by x. this kind of attack demonstration ends up developing fear inform of violence to the innocent civilians which in return ends up adding pressure to third parties such as federal authorities to make them change their policy position. In other words, international terrorism utilizes different forms of violence, state officials, and military facilities. International terrorism is defined as a form of discrete international crime that recognizes and protects the vital international society’s interests and values. It symbolically presents international societies condemnation and also an expression of an offender’s stigmatization. All forms used in the definition of international terrorism requires to give reasonable claims in terms of political violence presented by the ruling governments which are repressive and also giving all potential amnesties which are available to the terrorists.[Pierre, Klein. "International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism." United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law (2009): 1-5.]
The understanding of international terrorism is closely tied with several elements. Of the most common recurring element on the international definition of terrorism is being tied with the formation of the United Nations terrorism. These elements usually debate and political sensitivities referring to terrorism. The article concerning the 1945 United Nations era gives relating issues on the terror violence which were conducted by the “liberation fighter” who proclaimed the utilization of “direct action” to attain rights to the community determination as it is described in the United Nations charter. The charter highlights UN obligations in developing friendly relations to all nations guided by the principles of equal rights and individual determinations among the communities.
The understanding of the international terrors is also based on the features of armed national liberation which re regional approaches. This approaches works by distinguishing what is regarded as the definition of international terrorism as unlawful, and also whether it perpetuates the violence commuted as what is referred to as the legitimate struggle of the occupation, domination by foreign threats, and issues on aggression. The article on Arab convention on the suppression of terrorism suggests that all kinds of struggle including militia, aggression on the liberation, occupational and international principles will never be concluded as an offense. Also in the article concerning the Islamic conference convention which worked in combating international terrorism agreed this will never be concluded as an on offense in their organization.[Michael, Jacobson. "Terrorist financing and the Internet." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 33, no. 4 (2010): 353-363.]
The issue of international terrorism has their own global supporters in their operation and funding sources. Several funding sources operating methods are legal or illegal which use different paths to support terrorist activities. Charitable organizations are the forefront used methods to mobilize funds and serve as money conduits which are used to learn all terrorism activities. Charity organizations today are described as a major problem in the terrorist financing arena. This is because all activities which are led by these organizations are not exceptional in the internet sources to the financing activities. according to Brooklyn case, it gives an equal presentation of the idea that most of the charitable organizations are limited to their normal activities in general logistics and financial support while other organizations directly engage in operational support of the terrorists. For instance, American leadership in December raided the Chicago headquarters to the formation of Saudi based charity. The organization foundation clips and documentation supported martyrdom where according to the charities newsletter some of its officials were killed in Bosnia. Concerning this case, the Bosnia leadership reported that some fund was missing after the investigations of humanitarian. In the same month, the security individuals raided the Islamic charity offices commonly known as Bosnian ideal future. By unware support, this case reports the terrorism support though infrastructure where this group started establishing in America which was later realized by the western intelligence societies in the 1990s. After the western intelligence investigation, the East Africa embassies were attacked were the reports indicated that the charity organizations played a critical role in the funding and also providing covers of all operatives.[Hoffman, Bruce. Inside terrorism. (Columbia University Press, 2006), p.1.]
International authorities again failed in taking decisive actions towards the vast activities of charities network which were tied to the terrorist groups. All these cases and events give an overview of how charity organizations have been used for a long time to support and finance all terrorism activities in international communities. The legitimate purposes of these organizations are at some point described to have connections to various political leaders who support intending to make achieving their political positions. This method has affected both legal and genuine charity organizations since the international authorities have not made any efforts to curb al the activities held by such vast network charities, therefore, making this method so effective.[De Beer, Aniel Caro. "The Prohibition of Terrorism under International Law." In Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens) and the Prohibition of Terrorism, pp. 11-60. Brill Nijhoff, 2019.]
Question #2: Methods to finance terrorism
The terrorist groups have also managed to use the internet methods to fund their activities. Out of much illegal business that is held in the world today, many of these methods are illegally operated. Internets are one of the oldest forms used by the terrorist to finance their operations. The American government and the general public realized this form of financing after the 2001 attacks after serious investigatory efforts. One of the most common cases where the internet methods have effectively assisted the terrorists to carry their operations is the young British citizen called Barbar Ahmad. Barbar used his computer expertise in the support of “Jihadism” at the beginning of 1997. The young British computer expert used a special kind of publication referred to as “AZZAM publications” and different times of websites which primarily focused on the support of terrorist groups...