Personality Psychology: What are the key principles of Evolutionary Personality psychology?

Personality Psychology
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Personality psychology
What are the key principles of Evolutionary Personality psychology?
In relation to evolution, personality can be analyzed as either; an incidental by-product of an adaptation, an adaptation, the product of noise in the system, or a combination of these. The psychodynamic theory explains the effect of past events on the current state of a person's character and the role of aggressive forces in character. Sociology of generational effects and sexual strategies also play a role in personality.
Imagine you want to teach your child to develop an appreciation for sports. With your understanding of behaviorism and operant conditioning, how might you condition your child to adopt this new attitude?
Operant conditioning implies that behaviors and built through punishments and reinforcements. Therefore, I would register them in a sports club and ensure constant attendance failure, to which punishment would be effected.
What is modeling? How do we learn from models?
Modeling refers to making an articulation of something in the real world. Models enable visualization of a system hence easy analysis.
Explain the key concepts in reciprocal determinism and how they interact to influence behavior.
The key concepts in reciprocal determinism are factors that influence behavior, the environment, and an individual. Environmental factor involves the location where the behavior takes place and personal factors such as personality influences behavior.
What is a cultural model of personality? Describe some of the key differences between the European American Model of Personality to the East Asian Model.
Cultural models are patterns of behavior and mental structures that distinguish one personality from another. For example, the European American model of personality has a higher congruence coefficient than the East Asian model.
Define and give an example of two of the following cognitive distortions:
Catastrophizing
This is a cognitive distortion that pushes individuals to jump to the worst possible conclusion even without evidence for it. For example, someone may think, “If I lose my partner, I will never be able to live again.”
All or Nothing Thinking
It is a type of faulty thinking that includes absolute terms such as never or ever. for example, “I always mess this up.”
How would growing up in an ethnically diverse area impact your ethnic identity differently from growing up in an ethnically homogenous community? Why
Diversity builds understanding of different cultures. It builds trust and promotes peace and cohesion as well as globalization.
George Kelley describes a fundamental postulate for how humans engage in the world. What is it, and how does it relate to understanding personality (in your own words)?
Kelley formulated the personal construct theory. This theory relates to understanding personality as it refers to how each individual receives information, evaluates it, and integrates it.
What are the key differences between the constructivist and cognitive perspectives in terms of personality? Be specific.
The cognitive aspect is based on the thought before the behavior, which involves acquiring, storing, and processing information like a computer. On the other hand, constructive perspective creates understanding based on past ordeals and present inputs.
What is each of the three clusters of personality disorders in the DSM characterized by? Give an example of a personality disorder from each cluster.
Cluster A is portrayed by incentive and odd behavior. Example; Schizoid Personality disorder. Cluster B is depicted by erratic and dramatic behavior: for example; Antisocial Personality disorder. Finally clusterFinally, cluster C is characterized by fearfulness and anxiety. Example; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
If I were to devise a test that looks at how adults from Canada react to embarrassment and compare the results with how adults from India react to embarrassment, what kind of study would I be conducting? Why?
Temperament study. This is because it refers to how people react to emotional triggers from the external environment.
In what way is Temperament related to Personality development? Be specific.
Temperament influences a person's reaction to the external environment; their intensity, and mood. The external environment influences personality; hence it is related to temperament.
According to Carl Rogers, what is the difference between being in a state of congruence and being in a state of incongruence? What kind of negative consequences may result from experiencing incongruence? Be specific.
Congruence state refers to the development and maintenance of self-image, while a state of incongruence refers to self-image distortion. Incongruence lowers self-worth and is in a state of u acceptance or denial.
If we were to use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a framework, how would COVID-19 affect us in striving for Self-Actualization at this time? What level of needs might we be most focused on at this time? Why?