Short Essay Problem Psychology Coursework Reserch Paper

Short Essay Problem
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Short Essay Problem
Question #51
A resting membrane potential denotes a sturdy state of a cell, a vibrant process that is poised by leakage of the ion as well as pumping. For an electrical signal to start, change must occur in the membrane potential. This leads to the creation of an action potential. A resting membrane potential will remain in a resting voltage up until some kind of a channel (Na+ channel) opens (Rodriguez-Falces, 2015). There are different types of channels. A mechanically controlled Na+ channel only opens following the effects of a physical stimulus on its sensory receptor. A ligand controlled Na+ channel, on the other hand, unlocks when a neurotransmitter gets attached to it. In both cases, some stimulus activates the action potential process and sodium starts to penetrate the cell membrane. The action potential process may also be triggered through the voltage-gated channel. When the three channels start to depolarize the cell membrane, then the cell depolarize down to -55mV from -70mV with the former being the threshold potential (Rodriguez-Falces, 2015). Once the threshold potential has been attained, the gated channel will open marking the beginning of an action potential.
A myelin sheath is a defensive cover surrounding fibers known as axons. The latter are extended thin projections found on the main body of a neuron or a nerve cell. The myelin constitutes lipids and proteins and its main role is to insulate and protect axons and augment the process of transmitting electrical impulses. In the case of any damage occurring to the sheath, impulse transmission is slowed down. This is usually the case with severe neurological conditions including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (Rodriguez-Falces, 2015). A Myelin sheath that is rich in lipids becomes an insulator that offers transverse resistance only allowing current to flow along with cell segments. For the sheath to be well myelinated, it is recommended that children take food that is rich in fat. Such a diet is essential information of a myelin sheath with a diameter that is between 12 to 20µm. This, in turn, helps protect the sheath from attacks by immune cells found in the body which can cause psychological conditions.
Question #52
The frontal lobe covers a large part of the brain and covers almost half the brain starting from the front. This lobe can be damaged by a variety of conditions including but not limited to head trauma, brain tumors, stroke and dementia (Rosenblum, 2015). Irreversible damage to this part of the brain can cause lead to a variety of symptoms including behavioral problems, impaired cognitive skills and motor weakness among others.
The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory input thus allowing one to develop a single perception of the world around him or her. It offers spatial coordination that helps people to represent the world around them. Irreversible injury to this part of the brain can lead to anomia which is the inability to correctly name objects. Equally, damage to the parietal lobe can lead to language disorder, reading problems also known as alexia, inability to make sense of surrounding space and inability to coordinate both the hand and eyes.
The temporal lobe is situated behind the frontal lobe and covers both sides of the skull. It is responsible for hearing, speech, and memory. Irreversible damage to this part of the brain may lead to disruptions in perception including visual perception. It also leads to disturbance of visual input and auditory attention, altered affective behavior, loss of long term memory and altered personality among other disorders (Rosenblum, 2015).
The occipital lobe of located at the back of the head and is responsible for visual information intake (Bzdok, et al. 2016). Injury to this part of the brain thus can lead to visual deficits including cortical blindness and visual field cuts, word blindness, and color agnosia.
Question #53
A correlation research study is a form of...