Software Engineering Concept Map: Software Development

Software Development
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1 Features of contemporary software engineering
In contemporary software engineering, there exist a variety of tools that are applied in building software. Additionally, it is technical to strategize and meet the unique design needs with the diversifying consumer needs. However, there is more focus on the software lifecycle. Software development in contemporary society is based on quality and costs (Jürjens & Schneider, 2017). Some critical aspects are addressed in contemporary software engineering, including software development, engineering, process, process models, process activities, design implementation, evolution, and maintenance.
Software development
Software development is a computer-based science, associated with creating, designing, deploying, and supporting software. It is a crucial feature in software engineering. Some of the critical aspects to be considered in contemporary engineering include the user's need then the software is developed to meet the identified needs (Sommerville, 2016).
Software engineering
Software engineering is a systematic approach to engineering that is applied in ensuring a complete software development process. There are critical features in contemporary design society that must be met during software engineering (Jürjens & Schneider, 2017). The features include portability, reliability, maintainability, efficiency, and functionality.
Software process
The software process involves related activities leading to software production. The activities are grouped into two critical aspects: existing system modification or development from scratch (Mostafa et al., 2017). Software processes in contemporary software engineering include software specification, design, implementation, verification and validation, and software evolution.
Process models
A process model is a representation of how the development of the software will be conducted. These are the models that are applied in developing the software to meet consumer needs. They describe each phase forming the software life cycle. They may include designing, implementation, and testing.
Process activities
Process activities are majorly separated into four aspects: specification, development, validation, and evaluation (Braude & Bernstein, 2016). They are uniquely organized depending on the development process. For instance, in a waterfall model, they are sequentially organized while interleaved in incremental development.
Software design and implementation
Software design involves connecting the software components to meet the customer needs. However, implementation involves transforming the design to program (Braude & Bernstein, 2016). The three key features involve stimulus, description, system, and actors. The four aspects are integrated to obtain an effective system design and implementation.
Software validation and evolution
Software validation is a specific activity that involves checking of compliance of the system to the already established requirements. The key features include system, design, items, and processes. All four aspects must be considered for complete validation. Software evolution is characterized by the software's initial development, which is eventually updated (Jürjens & Schneider, 2017). In contemporary software engineering, it is done to achieve highly advancing software technologies and growth. The key features involve enhancing functionalities and reducing obsoleteness.
2 Software engineering development techniques
Agile and plan-driven methodologies
Agile and plan-driven methodology plays an essential role in software engineering. In agile methodology, the core aspect that occurs is the iteration of activities. In this case, the design and requirements are achieved together. It is not separately done. The approach majorly considers implementation and design as software process core activities (Sommerville, 2016). Some of the techniques applied include elicitation. On the other hand, plan-driven methodology occurs stage-wise with specific output in every stage, as indicated in figure 1. Iteration occurs within the formal documents in a plan-driven approach requiring each manager to successfully create these documents.
Figure 1: Plan-driven methodology
Source: Sommerville (2016). Software Engineering 10th Edition. Chapter 3.
Requirement engineering processes, specifications, and use cases
Requirements engineering processes refer to the definition, documentation, and maintenance of software requirements. Every software developer should be well conversant with core types of requirements, including requirements management, verification, validation, specification, and elicitation. On the other hand, software requirement specification is a given document describing activities to be perfumed by the software and how to achieve it (Sommerville, 2016). Lastly, use cases involve a usage scenario for a given software. They are majorly used ...