Theophylline: Treatment for Asthma

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Theophylline
Theophylline is a bronchodilator, a second-line medication to treat asthma and other chronic obstructive diseases. Notably, Theophylline is obtained from methylxanthine and has an even muscle tranquilizer, diuretic, bronchial dilation, and cardiac and central nervous system stimulant actions. In addition, Theophylline was discovered as a bronchodilator in 1921 and 1922, but its use began in 1930(pacific, 2014).
Further, Theophylline works by easing muscles in pulmonary blood vessels and bronchial airways. It reduces the airway's receptiveness to adenosine, histamine, methacholine, and allergens by acting as a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Also, the Phosphodiesterase inhibitor blocks type II and IV phosphodiesterase, increasing intracellular cAMP concentration, activating protein kinase A, and inhibiting TNF-alpha and leukotriene synthesis. In addition, it decreases the inflammation immunity innate (Coutwright et al., 2018). Similarly, Theophylline Increases interleukin-10 secretion; interleukin-10 has broad anti-inflammatory effects. Also, it increases the apoptosis of inflammatory cells and histone deacetylase two by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kina...