Peaceful End of Life Theory - nursing theory

Peaceful End of Life Theory
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Peaceful End of Life Theory
Peaceful end of life theory was developed by nursing theorists Moore Shirley and Cornelia Ruland. They argued that, though death is inevitable, human kind should try to ease the pain that is associated with death of the loved one by approaching a method that will help to ease the pain and fear associated with death among family, patient and nurse during the dying process of the patient. They advocated for peaceful transition of human kind. The theory was developed to assert that nurses, patient, family members are integral to the conception of peaceful end of life. The theory advocated for emotional support, freedom from suffering, and treating with respect and empathy among patients with terminal illness. This theory was developed based on standard care which was created by some expert nurses with an aim of managing substantive care among the patient with terminal illness. For many decades this theory plays a significant role in promoting progressive outcomes during the dying process between the patients and their familiesCITATION Jul10 \l 1033 (George, 2010).
Different religions have different view of the end of life theory, for instance Christian advocate for peaceful dying process between the patients with terminal illness; they campaign for minimal pain during the dying process of the patients, they also provide nutritional needs and relaxing environment for the patient (Masters, 2012).
The main concept of the peaceful- end of life theory is to provide a comfortable treatment to the patient and the families during the transition process of human being. Research carried out has shown that when families and patient have been informed on treatment modalities and the alternative option for treatment, their level of anxiety during dying process have been reported to decline as compared to the families and patient who are not well informed. The other vital concept of this theory is to bring together among friends and families of the dying patient. The closeness of the family member and friends play a significant role in reducing pain and the anxiety during the transition process. Research carried out have shown that frequent visits to hospital among friends and family member play a significant role as it create comfort and relaxation among patients.
Nursing knowledge has evolved in a unique way from one decade to another, it has intertwined different theories and professional ethics, some of this theory includes the peaceful end of life. The evolution of this theory was influenced by emerging necessities of reducing and creating comfort especially to the patient, family members and friends of a dying patient. The theory was introduced by Cornelia Ruland and Moore Shirley who wanted nurses, patients and family members to share information about inevitable occurrence of death. By sharing information it would enhance ease transition of the stages of life. As a result, of sharing information the family and friends will be well prepared during the departure of love ones. Many factors contributed to the development of this theory. These factors are influenced by history of illness, age of patients, religious values, cultural values and health care concerns. Ruland argued that there were five objectives of the theory which were indicators of peaceful end of life. The indicators included experience of dignity during death, having peace of mind, and being close to the loved ones during death. The five indicators play a vital role in transition of the human being as it enhances peaceful and comfortable transition of human being to the next stage of life.
The theory was based on human rights protection. According to National commission which plays a vital role in the protection of human rights, it argues that there are three basic ethical principles which provide human right protection. The three ethical principles include respect for persons, kindness and justice. Respect for person integrate two ethics .The first ethic state that an individual should be treated as autonomous and the second states that an individual with moderated autonomy is entitled to protection. Justice on the other hand is defined as equality on age, financial status, or ethnicity. As a result all human beings should enjoy right to priva...