Identify and explain the type of Organization/Hospital Culture

Culture
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Organization/Hospital Culture
There are several organizational structures ranging from simple structures to complex. According to ICAF (1999), an organizational culture can be viewed as an organizational identity created, maintained, and managed by employees and leaders. They are relations between organizational roles.
The organizational culture is hierarchical. The structure is formally organized with the CEO being the overall leader and other leaders are under him. The leadership roles are decentralized with each manager under the CEO given autonomy to run the activities of the department and report to the CEO CITATION Tei12 \l 1033 (Teixeira, Koufteros, & Peng, 2012). The stability of the environment allows integration, coordination, and uniformity of services. Decision making authority follows a clear line and there are standardized rules and procedures. Here accountability and control are key vital CITATION Tei12 \l 1033 (Teixeira, Koufteros, & Peng, 2012).
Mental Health Disparity
An individual's and or population's health is influenced by several factors. Poor health, disease risk, and limited access to healthcare are interrelated and reported among individuals with social, environmental, and economic disadvantages CITATION Cen13 \l 1033 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Health care disparities occur when there are differences in health outcomes or health determinants between different populations. Health disparities and inequalities are terms that can be used interchangeably and refer to gaps existing in health amongst certain segments of the population CITATION Cen13 \l 1033 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013).
Over the last twenty years, issues regarding mental health disparities have attracted attention. For example, Americans in rural areas have limited access to services on mental health compared to other Americans suicide rates vary demographically, and individuals who are at an economic disadvantage are at a greater risk of developing mental conditions than their wealthy counterparts (Safran et al., 2009). According to the Surgeon general's report on Mental Health (2001), Culture, Race, And Ethnicity revealed that the diversity within the population is continuously increasing and it is in the Country's or healthcare system best interest to ensure the health of individuals (Safran et al., 2009).
Mental health disparity is dependent on three factors: the focus of the agency, the expertise involved in the definition, and the purpose and context of definition. For example, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) defines a disparity in mental health as a disparity in the incidence of mental illness, mortality, morbidity, rate of illness, or rates of survival compared to the general population (Safran et al., 2009).
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention defines mental health disparity on the following categories; first disparities regarding attention provided to mental health conditions compared to other health issues. Second are disparities between persons with mental illness and those with none. Third are population's disparities regarding mental health and the quality, accessibility, and outcomes of treatment (Safran et al., 2009).
Efficacious drug treatment and pressure from humanitarian groups to treat mental patients humanely led to deinstitutionalization of mental health care provision. However, the deinstitutionalization process was done halfway and the task of creating mental health systems at the community level was not fully realized (Safran et al., 2009). As a result, local jails and emergency rooms became the residence for individuals with mental health conditions. However, emergency rooms were for short-term acute care leaving jails and prisons as the providers of mental health care (Safran et al., 2009).
Correctional facilities were not designed to provide mental health care services, but courts suggest a Constitutional responsibility for the government to provide such services for incarcerated individuals (Safran et al., 2009). This presents many challenges such as the poor health of the individual as they enter the facility, the history of substance abuse and risky behaviors, and security and safety in prisons makes treatment difficult (Safran et al., 2009).
Most of the incarcerated individuals have more than one mental disorder and report difficulties in mental health. The mental illness incidence is higher among incarcerated individuals than the general population (Safran et al., 2009). Health within correctional facilities is not detached from community health because 97% of these offenders will eventually return to the community. Therefore, interventions that are based on evidence should be implemented to address the issue (Safran et al., 2009)
Actions to Correct the Disparity
Many alternatives are available for addressing these issues. First is the establishment of Mental Health Courts. These are courts for offenders with mental illnesses within the community CITATION Hon \l 1033 (Honberg & Gruttadaro, 2005). These links the participants with treatment in place of incarceration, provided continuous treatment supervision, and staffed with a dedicated team of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and mental health staff. Participation is voluntary and depending on the eligibility criteria, they operate on a deferred prosecution or sentencing model CITATION Hon \l 1033 (Honberg & Gruttadaro, 2005).
Secondly is the establishment of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Programs. These provide broad, integrated services to individuals with mental illnesses that are severe and persistent. The services include; medication including its management, services, housing assistance, case management, and vocational support. These are effective as they combine all services in a single setting and modify services to fit individual's needs CITATION Hon \l 1033 (Honberg & Gruttadaro, 2005). Finally, is the formation of a Criminal Justice/Mental Health Partnerships. These work on jail diversion, community reentry, and strategies to reduce the criminalization of the mentally ill CITATION Hon \l 1033 (Honberg & Gruttadaro, 2005).