Effects of Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia on EKG, signs, and symptoms

Effects of Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia in Relation to EKG and Signs and Symptoms
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Effects of Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia in Relation to EKG and Signs and Symptoms
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are frequent electrolyte disorders. They are occasioned by changes in altered excretion, potassium intake, or transcellular shifts. Potassium disorders can culminate in life-threatening cardiac conduction disruption. In addition, it can also lead to and neuromuscular dysfunction. Therefore, there is always a need to intervene in correcting hypokalemia and hyperkalemia treatment by checking and combining data on history, physical examination, laboratory, and electrocardiography findings. Hyperkalemia is characterized by a serum/plasma potassium level mostly more than 5.0 mEq/L to 5.5 mEq/L. but symptoms appear at values mostly from and above 6.5 mEq/L to 7 mEq/L, while mild hyperkalemia is more asymptomatic (Simon, Hashmi, Farrell,2021).
More often, hypokalemia slows slowed conduction, causing delayed ventricular repolarization, reduced refractory period, and a spike in automaticity. The EKG changes...