History of Non-Violence and Resistance to Slavery in the Western World

Interdisciplinary Studies
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Due Date Interdisciplinary Studies

1. My research question is: What is the history of slavery and servitude in the Western World, and how does it relate to the history of nonviolence and resistance to slavery in the Western World?
2. An interdisciplinary approach is central to finding my research question because it is impossible to find the solution to such a broad issue within a single discipline. In order to answer the question, I need to bring together insights from several disciplines and reconcile these findings into a single, informed solution.
3. The relevant disciplines involved in my study are sociology, anthropology, history, African American studies, and Southern Studies.
4. Adequacy is related to my two Areas of study. It refers to the comprehension of how each discipline typically perceives an issue in terms of its conventions, ideas, viewpoint, phenomena, hypotheses, approaches, and epistemology. Therefore, possessing disciplinary adequacy denotes having an interdisciplinary comprehension of the topic.
5. The insight derived from my research is that the history of slavery was marked by both overt and covert forms of resistance.
6. Slaves openly resisted against their white masters by escaping, staging open rebellions, feigning illness or inability to understand given instructions, misplacing tools, working slowly, refusing to carry their unborn children to term, damaging tools and equipment, producing shoddy work.
7. Enslaved people covertly resisted against their white masters by stealing food and supplies, practicing their religion, building their subsistence communities, developing their own culture, cultivating strong family groups, building their economies, and secretly supporting escaped enslaved people to find safe havens.
8. I did not discover any conflicts between insights or theories.
9. The common ground discovered in my research relates to slavery as a human activity and an institution that continues to manifest itself in modern times, including existing education, political, and economic systems. Another common ground discovered in my research is that enslaved Africans employed both open and covert forms of resistance against their white masters. However, these acts of rebellion were often met with extreme cruelty in the form of torture and mass hangings.
10. The conclusions drawn from my research are that resistance was a systemic facet of slavery and that slavery as an institution continues in the spirit in the form of discriminatory laws and policies that deny certain groups, particularly African Americans, the same dignity and freedom as the rest of society.
11. Future research should expand focus on modern slavery to include manifestations of slavery as an institution in business, education, the justice system, and other critical modern-day establishments. Another area where future studies could focus on is the often ignored covert forms of resistance by female slaves against sexual and physical abuse by their masters.
12. I would approach the research topic from a biblical viewpoint by striving to include as many disciplines in my research as possible to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the problem. I would also try to develop interdisciplinary adequacy to identify inherent disciplinary prejudices and arrive at the most realistic solution.
13. Bibliography

Allain, J. M. (2014). Infanticide as Slave Resistance: Evidence from Barbados, Jamaica, and Saint-Domingue. Inquiries Journal, 6(04).             This new major source was not part of the original Annotated Bibliography Assignment. It was included because it addresses the specific primary Area of Study: nonviolence and resistance to slavery in the Western World. This study is essential to my area of study because it explores how the decision to commit infanticide was an active show of resistance by slave mothers. Araujo, A. L. (2013). Introduction to Atlantic Approaches on Resistance Against Slavery in the Americas. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 2(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/             This new major source was not part of the original Annotated Bibliography Assignment. It was included because it addresses the specific primary Area of Study: nonviolence and resistance to slavery in the Western World. This source is critical to my area of study because it covers the less noticeable forms of resistance led by slaves. Bergin, C., & Rupprecht, A. (2018). Reparative histories: tracing narratives of black resistance and white entitlement. Race & Class, 60(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/             This is a new major source that was not part of the original Annotated Bibliography Assignment. It was included because it addresses the specific primary Area of Study: nonviolence and resistance to slavery in the Western World. This study is critical to my area of study because it demonstrates the enduring black resistance against slavery in today’s age. Bertocchi, G. (2016). The legacies of slavery in and out of Africa. IZA Journal of Migration, 5(1). https://doi.org/             This is a new major source that was not part of the original Annotated Bibliography Assignment. It was included because it addresses the specific primary Area of Study: nonviolence and resistance to slavery in the Western World. This source is critical to my area of study because it demonstrates how the migration experiences of African slavery created enduring economic, political, and institutional inequality. Caruana, R., Crane, A., Gold, S., & LeBaron, G. (2020). Modern Slavery in Business: The Sad and Sorry State of a Non-Field. Business & Society, 60(2), 000765032093041. https://doi.org/ Chambers, G. (2017). The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Origins of the African Diaspora in Texas. Texas Institute for the Preservation of History and Culture.         Dwyer, C. (2017). The Construction of the African Slave Identi...