Discussion Response to Peer 2 (J.C.): Figuring out Capacity

Question: Please Response to Peer 2 Discussion below. I am not looking for a summary of an article. I am looking for new ideas to a topic from peer-reviewed articles for the last 5 years. If you rehash and reiterate something that was already stated in a post or something basic that we all already know, then you will not gain points. Do not state whether you agree or not. I am not interested in your opinions; I would rather you write something interesting. You are not writing social media and opinion pieces. Your posts should be free of bias and opinion. Avoid adjectives like "crucial" and "critical" etc. because in APA, those words must be defined, and because they seem opinionated and biased. Merely state findings and facts. Avoid exaggerated comments to your peers like "that was excellent." Just thank them and write your contribution. If your posts are just repeats of nothing new and filling up white space, then you will not gain points. I do not like fluff. NO journalistic or social media styles of writing please. Your job is to present what the peer-reviewed scientific literature has to offer. Use peer-reviewed JOURNAL ARTICLES. Synthesize and cite. Do not write for example "A study by Lopez, Johnson and Dahlgren (2007) found. Just paraphrase what the findings are and cite. Discussion: Figuring out Capacity What is Capacity The ability of a patient to make knowledgeable decisions regarding their medical care is referred to as capacity. It includes comprehending pertinent data, recognizing the medical condition and its effects, considering treatment choices, and making a decision that is consistently communicated (Leo, 1999). Different Capacity Types Certain domains, like daily living tasks, medical treatment decisions, and financial decisions, may require various levels of capacity. It's not a universal evaluation, instead it varies according on the decision's intricacy and nature (Appelbaum et al., 2016). Calculating Capacity To determine capacity, physicians evaluate four essential elements: Comprehension: The patient's capacity to take in the information regarding their illness and course of therapy. Appreciation: The capacity to identify the relevance of the knowledge to their circumstances. Reasoning: The ability to weigh possible outcomes and evaluate possibilities. Communicating a Choice: The capacity to convey a constant decision. Tools for Assessment and Dependability Capacity is evaluated using several standardized instruments, including the Competence Assessment Tool for Psychiatric Advance Directives (CAT-PAD), the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR), and the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T). These instruments, which are regarded as trustworthy in a variety of clinical contexts, concentrate on the fundamental aspects of comprehension, appreciation, reasoning, and expression of a choice (Grisso et al., 1997). Who Is Able to Assess Capacity? Capacity can be ascertained by clinicians, such as physicians, nurses, psychologists, and social workers. A medical professional who is knowledgeable about the patient's condition and the choice at hand should make the assessment (Palmer & Harmell, 2016). Present-Day Theory of Capacity Current theories of capacity place a strong emphasis on the interaction of emotional and cognitive components. Extremes in emotion, like depression, can have a big impact on someone's capacity because they can distort how accurately they perceive risks and benefits. The idea of "decisional authenticity" emphasizes how crucial it is to make choices that accurately represent the patient's actual autonomous self. Common Practice Dilemmas It can be difficult for practitioners to distinguish between short-term and long-term incapacity, to treat conditions that change over time, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or to deal with cases in which patients refuse treatment even though they are incapable of receiving it. The best interests, patient autonomy, and ethical principles all need to be carefully considered in these moral challenges (Pirotte & Benson, 2023). All things considered, assessing decisional capacity is a complex process that calls for a deep comprehension of the patient's cognitive and emotional states, as well as the use of trustworthy instruments and techniques to guarantee accurate evaluations (Pirotte & Benson, 2023). References Appelbaum, P. S., Spicer, C. M., Valliere, F. R., Beneficiaries, C. to E. the S. S. A. C. D. P. for A., Populations, B. on the H. of S., Medicine, I. of, & National Academies of Sciences, E. (2016). Methods and Measures for Assessing Financial Competence and Performance. In www(dot)ncbi(dot)nlm(dot)nih(dot)gov. National Academies Press (US). https://www(dot)ncbi(dot)nlm(dot)nih(dot)gov/books/NBK367671/ Grisso, T., Appelbaum, P. S., & Hill-Fotouhi, C. (1997). The MacCAT-T: a clinical tool to assess patients’ capacities to make treatment decisions. Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.), 48(11), 1415–1419. https://doi(dot)org/10.1176/ps.48.11.1415 Leo, R. J. (1999). Competency and the Capacity to Make Treatment Decisions. The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 01(05), 131–141. https://doi(dot)org/10.4088/pcc.v01n0501 Palmer, B. W., & Harmell, A. L. (2016). Assessment of Healthcare Decision-making Capacity. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(6), 530–540. https://doi(dot)org/10.1093/arclin/acw051 Pirotte, B. D., & Benson, S. (2023). Refusal of care. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www(dot)ncbi(dot)nlm(dot)nih(dot)gov/books/NBK560886/