Health promoting

Instructions for completion of Short Answer Questions: Complete the following short answer questions by 2pm Monday 21 October 2011.Formatting Answers must be written ONLY within the text boxes provided Answers must be in Arial or Calibri font Answers must be in size 12 fontDO NOT alter the size of the text boxesYou DO need to cite references within the text of your answers and provide a reference list on the last page of the short answer questions using APA referencing. Name and number of the Student:Name of the Tutor:
Teaching plan for Mrs. Lucas on the use of an incentive spirometer to prevent post- operative respiratory complications, following mitral valve replacementIntroduction The goal of educating Mrs. Lucas will be to instil in her behaviours that will improve her health status (Rankin).Mrs Lucas being a non auditory learner, I will use a visual and physical learning style to meet her learning needs. Consequently, since she is not motivated to learn about the incentive spirometer, and she prefers not to be taught by an authority figure, I will give her the incentive spirometer prior to the teaching, and involve one of her close family members to aid in the teaching process. Learning objectives: Mrs Lucas will become motivated to learn about the use of an incentive spirometer. Mrs. Lucas will be in a position to effectively use the incentive spirometer so as to prevent post operative respiratory complications. Teaching strategies: by providing Mrs. Lucas with visual images of how the incentive spirometer is used, and demonstrating to her, I based it on the behaviourist model of teaching and learning where behaviour is added into Mrs. Lucas lifestyle to enhance her health (Leddy, 2006). I will also initiate my teaching lessons to Mrs. Lucas at the time that she is not apprehensive about her health as this will enable her to concentrate more on the teaching than on her condition (Leddy, 2006). The relative will play the role of ensuring that Mrs. Lucas adheres to the treatment regime, and also that the incentive spirometer is kept clean at all times and within her reach to avoid cross infection. The relative will also see to it that Mrs. Lucas adheres to the prescribed breathing exercises and cough, upon discharge from the health facility. Evaluation criteria: Mrs. Lucas is able to demonstrate back to me how the incentive spirometer is used. She is also able to perform deep breathing exercises and her ability to produce a cough (Smeltzer, 2008) so as to reduce post operative respiratory complications.QUESTION 1: You`re planning to educate Mrs Lucas about the use of an incentive spirometer to prevent post-operative respiratory complications following her mitral valve replacement. During your assessment of Mrs Lucas`s learning needs you use the Dunn and Dunn (1987) learning styles and identify that a number of stimuli affect Mrs Lucas`s learning including: 1) Mrs Lucas is not motivated to learn about the incentive spirometer; 2) Mrs Lucas states ‘ I don`t need a nurse to show me how to use it` (she prefers not to be taught by an authority figure); 3 Mrs Lucas does not seem to have followed through with any of the verbal instructions you have given so far in regards to pre-operative preparation (she is not an auditory learner). Write a teaching plan for Mrs Lucas. Ensure your plan includes: learning objectives, teaching strategies (tailored to Mrs Lucas`s learning style), and your evaluation criteria.
QUESTION 2: You are providing nursing care for Mr Darcy following chemotherapy treatment. Mr Darcy has been educated to conduct mouth washes with sodium bicarbonate before and after each meal and before sleep at night throughout the course of his treatment. This strategy aims to reduce the likelihood of Mr Darcy developing mouth ulcers associated with his treatment.
Apply the Health Belief Model to increase the likelihood of Mr Darcy taking action to prevent mouth ulcers by answering the questions on the next page.
What 2 questions would you ask to assess Mr Darcy`s "perceived susceptibility" to mouth ulcers? Mr. Darcy, do you perceive yourself at risk of developing mouth ulcers? (Belcher et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2007).Mr. Darcy, are you aware of the complications that might result from development of mouth ulcers? (Stretcher & Rosen-stock, 1997) If Mr Darcy feels that the barriers outweigh the benefits of taking preventative action to reduce his risk of mouth ulcers, it will decrease the likelihood of him taking preventative action. What 2 questions would you ask Mr Darcy to see if he feels this way? Mr. Darcy do you believe that doing the mouth washes is going to reduce the likelihood of developing mouth ulcers? (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004).Mr. Darcy, do you perceive performing the mouth wash as a routine behaviour you will have to adopt, will negatively impact on your lifestyle? (Umeh & Rogan- Gibson, 2001).In assessing Mr Darcy`s "perceived susceptibility and severity" of mouth ulcers:List 2 demographic factors you would consider? Level of education.Period that Mr. Darcy has been on chemotherapy.List 2 socio-psychological factors you would consider? His attitudes, behaviour, and emotion towards mouth ulcers.His socio- economic status.What question would you ask to assess Mr Darcy`s knowledge of mouth ulcers? M. Darcy, have you ever heard of mouth ulcers? If yes, what are they?
What 2 questions would you ask to assess Mr Darcy`s "perceived severity" of mouth ulcers? Mr. Darcy would mouth ulcers have any negative influence on your life? (McCormick- Brown, 1999).Mr. Darcy, will the mouth wash reduce the severity of the mouth ulcers?Likelihood of taking preventative health action to prevent mouth ulcers following chemotherapyPerceived threat
List 2 "cues for action" Mr Darcy may have encountered to prompt him to take preventative action. Having a family member suffering from mouth ulcers secondary to chemotherapy or seeing it in media reports and mass media campaigns (Graham, 2002).Following advice from other patients who once had mouth ulcers following chemotherapy (Ali, 2002).
QUESTION 3: Explain why inadequate social support can result in disparities in health between individuals and communities.
Social support is defined as the apparent presence of people whom a person trusts and who makes them feel cared for and valued as individuals. Emotional, appraisal, informational and instrumental is the source of social support. Absence of social support compromises an individual`s health and well being (Cohen, Gottlieb, & Underwood, 2000). Support received from parents during early childhood has been linked to influence their psychological health during adulthood (Enns, Cox, & Clara, 2002). An individual living in a place where there is limited employment opportunities in a rural community might have limited access to health care, compounding the health problems he faces. His personal circumstances put him in a disadvantageous position as pertains to protecting and promoting his health. Socio economic status is a clear determinant of health as people of higher education and economic status have generally been found to have access to better health care as compared to those with low income and less education (Mustard et al., 1995).
QUESTION 4: Justify how the Ottawa Charter action area of creating supportive environments can reduce health inequalities due to inadequate social support. Provide 1 Australian example in your answer.
The Ottawa Charter action area of creating supportive environments in Australia can be used to address high risk behaviours, by taking keen of the social and economic conditions that lead the youth in Australia to engage in high risk behaviours. Key to the success of this issue would entail Australia making behaviour change accessible, including the availability of support services like condoms, emotional and psychosocial support like counselling, outreach, peer counselling, and life training skills. Societal perceptions about the youth also need to be changed by addressing stakeholders of social support systems including parents, community leaders and professionals (Warren, 1999). Consequently, maternal health promotion as an action area has aided in improving maternal and child health and reducing pre-term, low birth weight babies, and reducing teen pregnancies. Social support services would entail the creation of positive individual, social and environmental conditions, such as provision of supplements and food vouchers to pregnant women, organising group support services, providing nutritional education, providing counselling services, and performing home visiting exercises. It is of relevance to note that supportive environments are required for the success of all the other three health promotion practices (Ross, 2003). However, research has revealed that the action strategies of creating supportive environment failed to produce substantial change over improvements regarding the general population. Garrard et al., (2004) illustrated that promoting strategies in reducing cardiovascular disease and diabetes, the used of multi faceted community interventions were not able to produce change over time. Australia can cushion itself from this by removing barriers like lack of consistent definitions, appropriate indicators, and evaluation protocols (Garrard et al., 2004).
Ottawa charter action area of building healthy public policy entails investing in social polices and in the government, creating legislations and regulations and intersect oral and inter-organisational collaborations and partnerships. It has been reported that it is only through building public health policy that the most evidence of effectiveness exists in any country (Ross, 2003). He reports that it is only an action at the healthy public policy level, especially via government involvement through spending in social policy areas like income employment and security that can be a stepping stone to reducing poverty and health inequalities. Australia can make use of the Ottawa charter action area of building healthy public policy to reduce work place stress levels by making legislations and enforcing them as pertains to tobacco use, advertising and sales in the working environments. Consequently, the government of Australia by levying high taxes on tobacco will be the most cost effective way of reducing smoking in the working places, hence reducing work place stresses associated with smoking in the work place (Hoffman and Jackson, 2003).QUESTION 5: Justify how the Ottawa Charter action area of Building Healthy Public Policy may reduce workplace stress. Provide 1 Australian example in your answer.
QUESTION 6: Imagine you were working in a hospital when you slipped and hurt your back resulting in constant, centralised back pain and difficulty mobilising. You are physically examined by a medical officer in your workplace who determines the injury is soft tissue damage. She states that you should take oral pain relief like anti-inflammatory medication, have regular physiotherapy and return in two weeks for a review of your condition. She completes a work cover and physiotherapy referral letter. What 4 pieces of information would the medical officer provide the physiotherapist about you?
Demographic particulars like my age, occupation, social history, past medical history and surgical history.The medical officer would also inform the physiotherapist of the tests and examinations that have been carried out on me, and hand him a report of them....