Individual and Social Models of Disability

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* Individual and Social Models of Disability
The modern society has been straightforward in tackling different concepts of medicine and disabilities. This is because of the various issues and concepts that can be gained through the community’s study and education on disabilities. Seeking the disabilities and generating the understanding is important as it maps the conduit of understanding the medical models in the community. Hence it is the bridge that separates the commonality and learning of the community based on their individual and social terms. Therefore, as the field of medicine has widened and increased over time, the community is being governed and grouped into different models of disabilities, which include individual and social models of disability.
Individual or medical model of disability
This is the most common and distinguished model of disability in the community. It lays the foundation important in supporting and offering information regarding development and creation of work (Moore & Scourfield 2002). The necessity is through the support and increase in variations based in individual terms. One of the many differences and issues about this model is the perception of disability as a personal aspect. Although it has been controversial in many models of medicine and scholars, it has been seen as a means through which different communities and societies are being fueled and categorized in form of learning and status. Thus, the concept that has been used in defining this is the definition that disability is a cause of individual or personal factors.
Another necessary aspect that has been explained is the creation and definition important in supporting the community through definition of disability as a means of limitations or losses (Moore & Scourfield 2002). This is common in the creation and definition of different terms and mannerism through which different people face disabilities. The nature through which different associations are offered based on community development is determined by the variations in psychological analysis and cognitive of perception. Therefore, the ability of an individual to conform to different aspects or functions is important, thus, the ineffectiveness that can be expressed by various individuals is a step back from the normal functioning. As a result, the medical terminology argues from the individual perspective and manner. This is necessary in supporting and offering the necessity of ideas and commitment important in offering the nature of disabilities. In this context, disabilities have been defined as another aspect of individual context and development.
Social Model of Disability
The modern society has seen a number of transformations from one perspective to another. In this model the action of disability is viewed as another important aspect that is essential in community development. This aspect uses the context of developing and using the society as a consequence of lack of proper services for the disabled community (Moore & Scourfield 2002). For example, the creation and use of certain institutions as a means of institutionalizing individuals is important based on the creation and work of different people. Therefore, this model uses the necessity of the society in offering the nature of committing to the disabled community. From another perspective, it supports and uses the disabled community against themselves. This amounts to the creation and support of the community with the perspective of supporting themselves and following the many concepts of medical attention. Therefore, the social models is based on the community and the disabled society, for looking at the aspect of the society not supporting its disabled community, while there is the disabled community that does not support itself through a medical system.
b. Reasons why people commit crime
Criminology is one of the aspects of human behavior that have been studies extensively. Similarly, the question as to why people commit crime has attracted a lot of research, and consequently, a lot of divergent views. The study on criminal behavior focuses on the nature versus nurture perspectives, which attempts to explain the factors that give people the character traits necessary to commit crime. The argument from nature posits that individuals are born criminals. Under this view, it is believed that criminals are endowed with biological traits, such as genetic material, the dispose them toward criminal activities. One source of prove that is used to support this view is the relatively high tendency of children born to criminal parents to engage in crime in later life compared to children born to parents who are not criminals. In this regard, a child born to criminal parents will become a criminal even if he or she is raised in an environment that does not encourage crime.
This approach to the study of crime is informed by the biological theory of crime, which argue that criminals are inherently disposed to commit crime because they inherit crime-encouraging genes from their parents. Proponents of this perspective argue that individuals who are genetically endowed with anti-social and deviant personality traits will become criminals regardless the environment in which they are brought up. This follows evidence from clinical cases and psychological studies which indicate that "antisocial behavior is characterized by neuropsychological impairments" (Raine, 2006, 99). Within this school of thought, it doesn’t matter whether the person was raised in the secluded, serene comfort of upper class niches, or in the turbulent, violence-prone slums of the lower class neighborhoods. It emphasizes the association of nature to criminal behaviors, which are attributed to biological issues such as abnormalities of the brain that cause conditions psychologically conditioned offenses like psychopathic crimes and aggression
According to the social disorganization theory, however, the physical and social environment in which people live have an impact on their criminal tendencies. Indeed, there is overwhelming empirical evidence that the environment...